Points for Place: Can State Governments Shape Siting Patterns of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Developments?

There is considerable controversy about the allocation of Low-Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC). Some charge that credits are disproportionately allocated to developments in poor, minority neighborhoods without additional investments and thereby reinforcing patterns of poverty concentration and racial segregation. We examine whether Qualified Allocation Plans, which outline the selection criteria states use when awarding credits, can serve as an effective tool for directing credits to higher opportunity neighborhoods (or neighborhoods that offer a rich set of resources, such as high-performing schools and access to jobs) for states wishing to do so. To answer this question, we study changes in the location criteria outlined in allocation plans for 20 different states across the country between 2002 and 2010, and observe the degree to which those modifications are associated with changes in the poverty rates and racial composition of the neighborhoods where developments awarded tax credits are located. We find evidence that changes to allocation plans that prioritize higher opportunity neighborhoods are associated with increases in the share of credits allocated to housing units in lower poverty neighborhoods and reductions in the share allocated to those in predominantly minority neighborhoods. This analysis provides the first source of empirical evidence that state allocation plans can shape LIHTC siting patterns.     

Gateway to Opportunity? Disparities in Neighborhood Conditions Among Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Residents

A key goal of housing assistance programs is to help lower income households reach neighborhoods of opportunity. Studies have described the degree to which Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) developments are located in high-opportunity neighborhoods, but our focus is on how neighborhood outcomes vary across different subsets of LIHTC residents. We also examine whether LIHTC households are better able to reach certain types of neighborhood opportunities. Specifically, we use new data on LIHTC tenants in 12 states along with eight measures of neighborhood opportunity. We find that compared with other rental units, LIHTC units are located in neighborhoods with higher poverty rates, weaker labor markets, more polluted environments, and lower performing schools, but better transit access. We also find that compared with other LIHTC tenants, poor and minority tenants live in neighborhoods that are significantly more disadvantaged.     

悖信援引时效抗辩权的法律规制

义务人实施一定言行导致权利人合理信赖诉讼时效不会成为其行使权利的障碍,其后义务人援引时效抗辩权的,构成悖信援引行为。我国现行法框架下对于悖信援引行为的法律规制,难以通过起算、中断等规则予以解决,而应当适用诚实信用原则或禁止权利滥用原则限制此类援引行为。司法实务中适用诚实信用原则或禁止权利滥用原则处理时效援引争议的典型案例包括:义务人恶意躲避权利人、双方存在长期合作关系使权利人产生合理信赖、时效期间届满后双方进行某种形式的磋商等。对于司法实务中某些误用此二原则的裁判意见,应当尽量予以纠正和避免。     

成人高等职业教育学分转换的制度设计

成人高等职业教育的学分转换需要严密的制度设计。北京市总工会职工大学在实施"学分银行计划"时,对于学分转换进行了以下五个方面的制度设计:第一,校企合作制度:学分转换的权力框架;第二,专业建设指导委员会制度:学分转换的操作机构;第三,以职业分析为先导的专业设置制度:学分转换的课程基础;第四,学时与学分的转换制度;第五,灵活学业制度与学分累计制度。     

适时推进“学分银行计划”项目的战略背景分析

《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》和《北京市中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020)征求意见稿》在继续教育和职业教育等内容中都明确提出"促进校企合作、建立学习成果认证体系、建立学分银行制度"等意见,这既是"学分银行计划"项目当前所面临的重大政策背景,也是适时推进"学分银行计划"项目的重要机遇。     

What Are the Real Problems of China＇s Economic Growth？

正CHINA is the world’s second-largest economy,and how its economic growth progresses will inevitably influence that globally.The outside world has followed closely the sustainability of China’s economic growth.Such interest was the basis for the BBC documentary How China Fooled the World.The documentary is centered around China’s economic growth having been driven by vast amounts of credit from the banking sector over the past few     

大学生信用档案建设中的诚信教育价值

大学生信用档案是大学生在信用活动中形成的第一手资料,它通过制度来规范大学生的诚信行为,其建设过程蕴含着重要的诚信教育价值。因此,高校应充分认识大学生信用档案本身和建设过程包含着的诚信教育内容,并将诚信教育贯穿于信用档案建设过程中。     

论政府信用中的“信用-政府”悖反

信用的良性运行对信用主体有内在的规约。政府信用是社会信用的形式之一,要求作为信用主体的政府也必须顺应这一规约。政府的模糊抽象、多维结构、强势地位和不可选择性特征背离了信用主体规约,不能与信用主体规约实现融洽状态。     

我国信用制度的确立与完善

不完善的信用制度已经成为影响我国经济发展和市场化进程的重要制约因素。我国信用制度完善的主要措施应当是:树立信用观念和信用意识;加强企业信用的构建;强化信用立法和执法,建立有效的信用规范体系;重建政府信用,树立行政权威;规范和加强政府对信用和信用管理行业的监督和管理;建立信用管理的民间机构,发展信用管理教育和理论研究等。     

我国消费信贷立法应借鉴澳大利亚《消费信贷法案》

随着我国金融市场管制的不断削弱,必将会显现出对加强消费信贷立法的需要。我国消费信用立法还很薄弱,澳大利亚《消费信贷法案》中特别体现保障消费者利益的立法精神,有利于信用经营者生存和发展的特别安排、消费信贷合同的担保与保证。信贷提供者、消费供应者及消费者之间关系的有关内容,可为我国消费信贷立法吸收和借鉴;我国应针对消费信贷中存在的主要问题,有步骤地适时合理地吸收和借鉴澳大利亚《消费信贷法案》。