论文化矛盾与社会稳定的关系

文化矛盾是指社会思想文化领域内和人们的精神世界中的矛盾和冲突,它本质上是社会物质利益矛盾的反映,但又具有自身的相对独立性,通常表现为人们的信仰、思维、观念、意识、心理、情感等方面的一系列矛盾和冲突。文化矛盾和文化冲突是影响社会稳定的一个特殊而关键的因素,是引起社会动荡的内在诱因。全球化进程中的文化冲突和我国社会转型时期的文化矛盾,已对我国社会稳定和国家安全构成不容忽视的影响。化解文化矛盾,必须提高领导和工作艺术,正确处理实践运作中的一些重大关系。     

《璇玑图》的民间传说及其影响研究

苏蕙的《璇玑图》被认为是回文诗的集大成之作,历代解读、模仿它的不乏其人。本文从民间文艺学的角度,对有关它的民间传说、文献记载、历代文人的题咏加以考察,来探求其文化意蕴。     

The politics of history and historical memory in China-Japan relations

The current state of China-Japan relations is characterized by two seemingly contradictory developments adjacent to each other: while economic and cultural relations have experienced an unprecedented and continuous improvement since the 1980s, Chinese and Japanese public perceptions of each other have been deteriorating. This raises interesting questions. How do we explain this discrepancy and what are the sources of the increasing public animosity in China or Japan toward the other country? Can China and Japan maintain amicable relations and continue economic cooperation in spite of the enduring mistrust between their peoples? What is the role of public perception and memory of history in the foreign policies of East Asia? This paper addresses these questions, focusing especially on the last one — the role of history and collective historical memory in international relations and the interaction between public sentiment and government foreign policies. Through a detailed study of recent events and the issue of Japanese textbooks, the author argues that public perception of history can and should be guided toward more positive directions. Otherwise, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain amicable relations between the two countries, especially when new nationalism is on the rise in both counties.     

跨文化谈判中的文化差异——美国与日本人的谈判行为比较

随着国际间贸易的增长和经济全球化的影响,跨文化谈判中的文化差异问题已引起广泛关注。属于不同文化的不同思维形式、不同沟通方式、不同行为方式的谈判行为具有非常大的挑战性。当代日本和美国的交流行为是两种极为不同甚至经常相互抵触的文化传统的产物。这个问题将从谈判过程、思维方式、决策过程等几个方面显露无疑。     

基于法文化视角的清末版权法律文本产生背景考察

《大清著作权律》作为我国历史上第一部版权保护的成文法,尽管只是短暂适用,但其价值却十分巨大,它所显示的理念与我国传统的版权观念相比有着革命性的转变。清末版权法律文本产生的主观诱因是我国传统文化的“现代化”和近代思想家们对作为西方“舶来品”的版权制度进行“主体性反思”的结果。     

流变中的整合--西双版纳基诺族、哈尼族、傣族节日消费文化互动

西双版纳特定文化社区中的基诺族、哈尼族、傣族,在节日中形成的族际交往关系和消费文化颇有特色,用文化人类学的视野审视这三个少数民族在节日消费流变过程,可以看出节日消费反映了少数民族文明化和社会化的成果,体现了文化与社会环境对人的教化和塑模作用。     

苗族头饰概说--兼析苗族头饰成因

本文就苗族头饰的形成同传统承袭、文化互动以及环境因素等关系 ,进行了探讨及阐述 ,还就苗族头饰的习俗功能、文化内涵 ,以及头饰在历史上存在的性别转换等也进行了分析和阐述。从而对苗族头饰之所以丰富多彩 ,尝试性地从理论上做出了初步解释     

Back to the factory: the continuing salience of industrial workplace history

ABSTRACT

Factories remain significant sites of employment, crucial to capitalism. In the twentieth century, scholars registered achievements in documenting their history, but since the late 1980s, and for a generation, the field lost impetus within labour history although insights continued to accumulate through work in adjacent disciplines. The factory has not featured on the agenda of ‘transnational’ and ‘global’ labour history, but we suggest that it can and should contribute to that broader global project, reinvigorating labour history, not least by contributing a dimension close to workers’ everyday experience.     

Striking hard rock veins. Multinational Corporations and Miners’ Unions in Mexico and the United States, 1906-1952

ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes simultaneous strikes during the first half of the 20th century in North America. The transformation of production in copper, lead, zinc, and silver mining districts determined the formation of a working class that operated between Mexico and the United States. Therefore, the labor conflicts combined market circumstances and management-imposed homologation of work structures across firm divisions with the international coordination of miners. The paper describes the emergence, growth, and demise of a regional industrial system.     

The fate of the Assyrian minority in early independent Iraq: a test case of political violence based on rational primordialism

Analyzing ethno-national conflicts is usually not easy in that not all quantitative scientific tools are useful to the student of a conflict based on primordial elements. The burden of studying the outcome of a conflict is all the more complex given that the two conflicting groups might be at two different stages of their political development at any given time during the course of the conflict. In the case of the fate of the [Eastern Christian] Assyrian community in early independent Iraq, the political rationale for decisions taken by each party was drawn from different sociological, historical and political realms. Decisions in times of conflict and their political and historical ramifications are not always rational, since they draw upon primordial/communal considerations rather than the accurate reading of the overall true strategic scene.

The violence was an outcome of a combination of primordial differences and rational choice. The Iraqis sought to establish a new sovereign state with minimal disturbances from its Christian minority that they perceived as not belonging to the new nation. As for the Assyrians, they chose violence believing that at least some superpowers would support them. Historically, this rational decision based upon a primordial dispute turned out to be a mistake primarily because of lack of external support, weak internal cohesion of the group, and feeble leadership.