网络电子证据取证技术综述

本文综述了网络电子证据的相关概念、特点、取证技术以及发展趋势。     

浅析新农村建设中生态环境保护法制问题

目前,我国新农村环境保护法制建设中存在干群环境法律意识淡薄,环境管理体制不完善等严重问题。完善新农村生态环境法律体系的途径有：一要树立环境法治理念,推动公民环境权入法规;二要构建农村环境法律体系;三要加强农村环境执法工作。     

最高人民法院如何执行公共政策——以应对金融危机的司法意见为分析对象

法院不仅仅具有适用法条解决纠纷的功能,而且还具有根据具体情势去准确、恰当地适用法律从而推进公共政策得以执行的功能。最高人民法院印发的一系列应对金融危机的公共政策对于保障公民生存权的的确确起到了重要的作用,并以实际行动践行了能动主义的司法哲学。但是,最高人民法院制定的应对金融危机的司法文件与国务院办公厅制定的相关文件呈现出亦步亦趋的特点。这种一一映射式地线性执行方式建立在社会功能分化不充分的前提上。法律系统应当是社会功能分化的一个独立的次系统,其运作应当是一个相对封闭的内部过程。就政府公共政策的执行而言,法院应当首先保持一种较为克制的态度,并通过宪法这一结构耦合机制形成司法在自治前提下的开放性。     

论碳排放权的法律属性

《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《联合气候变化框架公约的京都议定书》所创设的碳交易在形式上为碳排放量交易,其背后的理论基础为碳排放权。科斯的环境产权理论要求我们应对环境容量资源进行产权界定。从法律视角考察的碳排放权一方面具有环境权的属性,另一方面又具有财产权的属性。碳排放权的这两种属性在实现环境资源可持续发展的终极目标方面是辩证统一的。     

网络反腐中的隐私权保护

随着互联网技术的深入发展,网络反腐现象勃然兴起。网络反腐提供了便捷的民意表达渠道,有效地加强了群众对政府公共管理行为和国家机关工作人员个人行为的监督,但同时也增大了对个人权益特别是隐私权的侵害几率。如何规范网络反腐,控制网络举报的副作用,实现公共利益与私人利益的平衡,是我国法治建设当前面临的重要课题。在网络反腐中,实现各方利益平衡的关键,在于依法明确各项权利行使的边界。公共利益是隐私权行使的边界。对涉及重大公共利益的隐私权,法律应予适当克减,并根据不同主体的特殊性,确定不同的保护力度,从而真正实现有效反腐与对隐私权的相应保护。     

中国传统文化中的和谐理念与环境保护

中国传统文化中的和谐理念蕴含着丰富的环境伦理思想,在中国五千年文明史中曾经起着重要的作用。当今社会正处于工业文明向生态文明转变的巨大变革之中,只有将人与自然、人与人、人与自身的和谐作为人类的价值目标,并以和谐理念作为环境立法的指导思想,人类才能改善现有的环境状况,实现人与自然和谐统一、协调发展的美好目标。     

Parties’ policy adjustments in response to changes in issue saliency

Abstract

A number of studies have investigated when parties change their policy positions. However, this growing body of research has had limited interaction with the literature on issue competition. To bring these two perspectives together, this article investigates how and when parties adjust their respective policy positions on immigration, the environment and the welfare state. In the article it is argued that especially large parties in electoral terms adjust their policy positions on specific issues in response to changes in the party system saliency of these issues. When the other parties increase their focus on a given issue, large parties adjust their position in the direction preferred by a majority of the voters. In the article this argument is investigated empirically, based on CMP data from 18 West European countries from 1980 to 2014. The findings largely support the argument and show a strong potential for further integration of the two dominant perspectives on party competition.     

Government Promotion of Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from the EU Eco‐Management and Audit Scheme

Governments play an active role in promoting corporate social responsibility and specifically environmental management system (EMS) programs, but few studies have examined the impact of such support on the decision of businesses to adopt EMS programs. We ask two questions in this paper: how does government support for EMS programs affect adoption of such programs? Second, what effect does this government support have on the pace of adoption of such programs? The answer to the first question can reveal how effective government programs are in boosting membership in EMS programs. The answer to the second reveals to what extent businesses within EU member states are converging upon particular EMS standards. We examine these questions in the context of the European Union’s Eco‐Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), 2010–2014. There is significant variation in government support of EMAS across the EU and at the same time, EMAS competes for business attention with the more established ISO 14001. Our quantitative and qualitative analyses therefore reveal the effectiveness of government programs in boosting adoption, but also to the extent to which such programs cause convergence upon EMAS in the face of a competing standard such as ISO 14001.     

Taxing Fracking: The Politics of State Severance Taxes in the Shale Era

States producing gas and oil have long levied severance taxes at the point of extraction, commonly placing most revenues into general funds. These taxes have assumed new meaning in many states amid the expansion of gas and oil production accompanying the advent of hydraulic fracturing. We reviewed all major statutes and constitutional amendments related to severance taxes that were enacted at the state level during the first decade of the “shale era” (2005–14). There have been only modest adjustments in statutory tax rates and some evidence that states have attempted to reduce these rates, possibly in response to growing national production. In turn, there is also evidence that states have begun to pursue more targeted strategies for revenue use, including some expanded focus on responding to the negative externalities linked to drilling, expanded revenue sharing with localities, and increased long‐term protection of resources through state trust funds.     

Adaptive Management for Oil and Gas Development on Public Lands: An Innovative Approach to Resource Protection,or Symbolic Placation of Public Interests?

Energy development on public lands in the intermountain west is often contentious due to concerns over detrimental impacts to wildlife. To mitigate harm to ungulates and other species, federal agencies often utilize adaptive management, a structured decision‐making framework predicated on “learning while doing.” But in the context of recent energy development, does adaptive management represent an innovative approach to conservation, or is it a largely symbolic policy used to contain the scope of conflict? This article, rooted in the agenda‐setting literature, applies Sarah Pralle's (2006) framework to strategies of conflict containment used by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and industry in three contentious energy development projects in Wyoming. The findings indicate that the BLM's use of adaptive management can be understood as a strategy for conflict containment, rather than as a substantive policy change in public lands oil and gas development.