劳动合同内容的妥当性--《劳动合同法》第26条第1款第2项的解释适用

内容的适法性与妥当性均系劳动合同的生效要件。《劳动合同法》第26条第1款第2项应当被定位为体现劳动合同特色的妥当性要件,起到规制劳动合同内容的一般条款的作用。该项的规范功能及主要目的在于遏止用人单位在劳动合同中滥用其经济优势地位,过分压制弱势劳动者的行为。作为概括性条款,该项规定的适用应着重案例化、类型化的操作方式;在适用顺序方面,原则上应明确妥当性要件补充适用的地位;可借鉴《合同法》第52条第4项的操作模式,即在妥当性要件下引入法律、行政法规以外的低位阶规范（地方法规、部委规章等）中的强制性规定,作为确认劳动合同效力的依据。     

自然、契约与人性——古希腊智者与近代契约理论的界分

契约理论是关于国家(城邦)起源的重要理论。古希腊智者学派在自然与约定的争论中表达了早期的契约理论,将自然本性和人性完善作为契约的基础,对人、社会、自然做出了界定,同时也抬升了人的地位。近代霍布斯、洛克以自然状态为社会契约论的逻辑起点,以人性的欲望至上性为基础,在确立人的主体地位的同时,也削弱了自然和人的本性力量。通过古代与近代契约理论的界分,领悟到人的真正发展是自身发展和自然的复活,是人、社会、自然的和谐发展。     

Corruption and Economic Development in West African Economic and Monetary Union （UEMOA）

The theoretical and empirical debate on the effects of corruption on economic development is unclear. Available cross-country evidence suggests that the impact of corruption on economic development may be either positive or negative. It is widely assumed that the struggle against corruption is essential for economic growth. However, corruption is clearly a multidimensional concept, encompassing a variety of discrete components. The author reviews the theory underlying these different causal mechanisms linking corruption to economic growth, and provides an introduction to some outstanding measurement issues. This paper takes a critical look at the effect of corruption on economic development in West African Economic and Monetary Union （UEMOA）. The major results of the investigation indicate that all UEMOA countries are corrupt according to the variables of the Worldwide Governance Indicators （WGI）. UEMOA countries have a deficiency to control corruption, so they need to improve their system of control. As a result, the fight against corruption is still a necessary job for all of UEMOA people.     

论债之对外效力的表现

债之效力区分为对内效力与对外效力。对外效力是对债之关系当事人之外的第三人所产生的效力。一般情况下债权仅在当事人之间发生拘束力,但为了保障债权的实现,在特殊情况下法律对合同相对性予以突破。债的对外效力的表现主要包括:债权的保全,债权的物权化,第三人侵害债权,涉他合同。     

主体地位变迁与契约合意基础的辩证关系简

契约法是债法的主要组成部分,契约的成立建立在当事人合意的基础之上.伴随着人类社会的发展,人的主体性地位经历了不同的展现阶段,人的意志自由也有着不同的表现程度,而意志自由恰恰是作为契约的合意基础而存在的,从而对于契约法的发达程度造成了重要影响;同时契约的运用空间反映着商品经济的发展状态,并对人的主体性的动态需求产生作用.     

论东南亚贸易自由化与经济增长

战后,东南亚国家的贸易政策大致经历了三个阶段。80年代末90年代初开始,各国加快了贸易自由化的步伐。各国大幅降低关税水平,减少非关税壁垒,使之关税水平和结构呈现新的变化。东南亚国家贸易自由化推动了进出口贸易规模的扩大,提升了货物与服务的世界市场占有率,促进了产业部门尤其是制造业的出口贸易、劳动生产率和最终收入的增长,从而成为国内经济增长的引擎。在世界性和区域性贸易自由化加速发展的背景下,东南亚国家贸易自由化的进程将有所加快。     

What can we Learn from the First Major Statement of Labour’s Economic Policy under Keir Starmer?

Labour’s Shadow Chancellor, Anneliese Dodds, recently set out the first major exposition of economic policy under leader Keir Starmer. Covering a lot of ground, she gave insights into current Labour thinking on macro and micro policy. Much of the speech was aimed at emphasising the fact that Labour would be ‘responsible’, an attempt to reassure voters as well as markets. But there is plenty of room for radical approaches within this framework, so exactly what this all means for practical policy is still to be determined.     

Independent review of emergency economic stimulus measures: Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19

Major government emergency interventions demand, and generally receive, independent scrutiny. This article looks back at reviews of the Australian government's economic stimulus measures introduced in the aftermath of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC), in anticipation of reviews of responses to the COVID-19 emergency, noting similarities and differences between the two crises. We examine 10 independent reviews of the Australian government's response to the GFC with a particular focus on their nature and the context in which they occurred. As a result, we identify five themes: when and how often reviews are conducted; recognition of context; the need for clear program objectives; explicit design principles; and governance. We develop a typology of independent reviews that has three key and interrelated dimensions: purpose, timing, and reviewer. We observe that there was patchwork coverage of the GFC measures, with no single report providing a holistic assessment of what was achieved or lessons learnt. We contend that, notwithstanding differences between crises, the typology will aid understanding of the role, key issues, and contributions of reviews that have already been, or will be, commissioned into COVID-19 and future emergency economic stimulus measures.     

基本权利在特类民事行为领域的适用

"特类民事行为"即指与国家公权力有关联的民事行为。它主要适用于给付行政领域,可以分为两种类型:其一,国家以私法主体身份所为的民事行为,具体可以分解为3种形式。该类行为必须受到基本权利的限制,但这仅仅指向于其中的行政私法行为。而且,基本权利对该种行为的适用与对传统高权行政行为的适用不同,前者具有明显的层次性。其二,私人在传统公共行政领域所为的私法行为。该行为属于"公共行政民营化"中的第3种形式,即"实质民营化",主要集中在给付行政领域。该类行为要受到基本权利的约束。而且,应该受到法律保留原则的约束,但是,法律保留原则在该领域的适用和在秩序行政领域的适用具有本质的不同。     

中小企业融资困局的经济法对策

直接融资适合于具有较高成长性的高新技术企业,而众多劳动密集性中小企业由于自身性质形成的信息不对称也难以成为银行等金融机构间接融资的对象.中小企业的融资困局是市场缺陷造成的,政府干预是弥补市场缺陷的主要方式,政府在解决中小企业融资困局中所形成的经济关系是经济法的调整对象.在借助"政府-社会中间层-市场"三元框架分析政府、与中小企业融资有关的社会中间层和中小企业的定位的基础上,应从经济法的主体角度进行相关的制度设计,探索长效机制解决中小企业的融资困局.