数字经济时代工作价值观的多元化 ——认知失调视角下骑手工作价值观变化研究

数字经济的加速发展以及就业形态的创新，使得劳动者价值观多元化问题逐渐凸显，引发了学 者对灵活就业劳动者工作价值观问题的思考。本研究基于对 53 位骑手的深度访谈，根据认知失调理论探讨了骑 手工作价值取向的变化，为推动新就业群体实现体面劳动提供借鉴。研究发现：骑手的工作价值观与传统正规 就业群体存在显著差异，即骑手的工作价值观在构成维度上表现为谋生与发展两个取向；在优先次序上，骑手 的工作价值观更注重工作自主性、收入公平性和职业发展性；在具体内涵上，骑手的工作价值观出现了时间自 由、人身自由等新内容，体现了工作价值观向“后现代主义价值观”转变的趋势。研究建议：政策制定、平台 管理和工会工作要注意结合骑手工作价值观的阶段性特点，根据灵活就业的特点创新养老保险缴费时段和地点， 探索实施碎片化的社会保障缴费方式，提供便利化的理赔服务，为劳动者营造灵活且安全的工作环境。     

Backloading to extinction: Coping with values conflict in the administration of Australia's federal biodiversity offset policy

Policy-makers are frequently required to consider and manage conflicting public values. An example of this in the environmental domain is biodiversity offset policy, which governments worldwide have adopted as a mechanism to balance environmental protection with socio-economic development. However, little work has examined administrative practices underpinning biodiversity offset policy implementation, and how the adoption of coping strategies to manage value conflicts may influence resulting policy outcomes. This study fills this research gap using a case study of Australia's federal biodiversity offset policy under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999. Using data from 13 interviews of federal policy administrators, I show that the introduction of a new policy in 2012 enabled a shift from the use of precedent to a technical approach for setting offset requirements under the EPBC Act. Yet, multiple sources of policy ambiguity remain, and administrators have adopted post-approval condition-setting, or ‘backloading’—a form of cycling, facilitated by structural separation—to defer detailed assessments of offset requirements until after biodiversity losses are approved. Backloading thus undermines the effectiveness of environmental policy and will persist as coping strategy unless policy ambiguity is reduced via legislative amendments and adequate resourcing of biodiversity conservation.

Points for practitioners

• Biodiversity offset policy requires administrators to manage conflicting environmental and socioeconomic values.
• Technical decision tools reduce reliance on case-by-case decision-making, but multiple ambiguities persist.
• Backloading (post-approval condition-setting) defers values conflict, but reduces transparency, accountability, and policy effectiveness.
• Policy ambiguity must be reduced at the political level to facilitate effective biodiversity conservation.