城乡二元结构下农村大学生就业难问题分析

随着社会主义和谐社会构建的逐步展开,诸如城乡收入差距扩大,教育资源分配不公平,农民社会地位不高等,城乡二元结构的矛盾日益突出,这都给农村大学毕业生的就业带来深远影响。农村大学毕业生的就业压力空前加重,而其就业心理有待调整,就业竞争力有待提高。     

关于高校共青团促进大学生就业工作的思考

积极促进大学生就业工作是贯彻落实科学发展观和构建和谐社会的必然要求,高校共青团要充分发挥自身优势,强化教育、服务、育人等组织功能,指导和帮助学生树立科学的就业观,构建就业服务平台,提升学生的综合素质,协助校内外有关部门开创大学生就业工作的新局面,实现共青团事业的新发展。     

Affirmative Action in Malaysia: Education and Employment Outcomes since the 1990s

Abstract

An important element of Malaysia's affirmative action regime has been to expand tertiary education access and upper-level occupational opportunities for the Bumiputera beneficiary group. However, the momentum of change has dwindled in recent years; Bumiputera representation in managerial and professional positions remained fairly static across 1995-2005. This paper provides a framework for conceptualising affirmative action and outlines Malaysia's affirmative action programmes in education and employment. It compiles evidence of affirmative action outcomes from official publications and various surveys, and derives new information from census data. Tertiary education quantitatively burgeoned from the 1990s, but the growing importance of educational quality adversely affects Bumiputera graduates, who predominantly enrol in less regarded domestic public institutes. In addition, Bumiputera continue to rely heavily on the public sector for employment in managerial and professional positions. The findings demonstrate a critical need to arrest the quality decline in public education and to judiciously modify affirmative action programmes.     

Where the Low Road and the High Road Meet: Flexible Employment in Global Value Chains

This article examines production organisation and employment patterns in the export-orientated centres of Denizli (Turkey) and Tiruppur (India). It argues that Denizli and Tiruppur's involvement in global value chains has resulted in segmented production patterns and insecure employment arrangements. Larger producers use sub-contractors as a strategy to mediate the instability of international contracts and pass the uncertainty in their global linkages on to smaller firms and their workforces. Such flux, then, has become a regularised feature of manufacturing work within the ranks of sub-contractors. Employers have solidified these production arrangements by recruiting rural and female workers. The article sheds light on the relationship between new production forms and rising employment insecurity.     

The Impact of Metagovernance on Local Governance Networks. Lessons from Danish Employment Policy

This article analyses the impact of metagovernance on the functioning of local governance networks. It does so by comparing the functioning of four local governance networks in the field of local employment policy in Denmark. Between 2007 and 2009, two of these networks were linked to jobcentres in which the municipality and a state agency shared responsibility for employment policy, while the other two were linked to jobcentres in which the municipality had full responsibility. We explore two types of metagovernance that the local governance networks were subject to: general, hands-off metagovernance consisting of the assignment of full responsibility to the municipality alone, or of shared responsibility to the municipality and the state jointly; and tailored and fine-tuned metagovernance directed towards only one or a few networks and their corresponding jobcentre(s). Our findings suggest that, as network governance becomes a mature phenomenon, the importance of metagovernance increases, particularly for strategic reasons. More specifically, we find that the functioning of local governance networks is only marginally affected by acts of general, hands-off metagovernance, such as the different organisational set-ups ascribed to the jobcentres. More influential are the hands-on network management tools, such as direct consultancy. Hands-on metagovernance instruments, however, are more costly for the metagovernor. Whichever tool is applied, the local actors' responsiveness to metagovernance is significant for the outcome.     

The enhancement effect of social and employment integration on the delay of recidivism of released offenders trained with the R & R programme

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess the extent to which social and employment integration enhances the efficacy of social–cognitive training carried out in prison through a Spanish adaptation of the Reasoning & Rehabilitation (R & R) programme. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare a group of inmates who received only social–cognitive training with a group of inmates who also received social and employment integration and with a comparison group who received neither of these interventions. The total sample was composed of 117 repeat offenders, serving sentence for property offences, drug dealing and offences against the person. The results obtained through a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis after a 6-year follow-up indicate that both intervention groups are significantly different from the comparison group. The group that received social and employment integration had the highest level of delayed recidivism, but the difference with the group that only received social–cognitive training was not statistically significant. The results are discussed in relation to the Good Lives Model and to the Risk–Needs–Responsivity Model of offender rehabilitation.     

生育政策变化对女性权益影响的实证分析--基于北京市妇女的调查数据

二孩政策的全面推行是基于人口老龄化等诸多因素综合考虑而形成的政策决议,对于优化我国的人口结构有着重要意义。然而,女性作为生育的责任主体,劳动就业、婚姻家庭等自身权益势必会在生育过程中受到诸多影响。为更好地保障女性的合法权益,必须建立全面的女性权益保障机制,以保障女性在生育下一代后依然有机会平等参与经济社会生活。     

完善我国失业保险法律制度的若干问题简

失业保险法律制度是我国社会保障法律体系中的重要组成部分,具有预防失业、促进就业或再就业、抑制经济波动和维护社会稳定的独特功能.我国《社会保险法》虽然专章规定了失业保险法律制度,但该法中过多的授权性条款,加大了执法的难度和不确定性.现行《失业保险条例》属于国务院颁布的行政法规,在效力层次上不高,法律规定不尽完善.借鉴国外失业保险的立法经验,我国应结合国情制定《失业保险法》.     

事业单位聘用合同的法律性质探究———兼论聘用合同与劳动合同的异同简

准确把握事业单位聘用合同的法律性质是完善事业单位聘用合同制度和人事制度的重要前提.目前,我国相关法律法规中虽对聘用合同的法律属性有所涉及,但很模糊,没有真正明确聘用合同的法律属性.本文认为,聘用合同与劳动合同既有相同之处,也存在明显的差异.聘用合同是一种特殊的劳动合同,聘用合同关系是一种特殊的劳动关系.国家应进一步完善聘用合同法制,明确聘用合同的法律属性,制定《聘用合同条例》,并加强相关的配套建设.     

破解大学生就业困境的“二位一体”路径

市场配置和政府调控是人力资源配置的两种基本形式.面对市场配置的缺陷以及政府在大学生就业中所应承担的职责,只有将市场配置与政府调控相结合,使二者形成合力,才能有效解决大学生就业难的问题.