对票据冲突法规则的探讨

从票据当事人行为能力、票据行为方式和票据债务三个方面,考察和比较了大陆法系和英美法系国家以及日内瓦统一冲突法分约中的有关规则和判例。在此基础上,对我国《票据法》和国际私法“示范法”关于票据当事人行为能力、票据行为方式和票据债务的冲突法规则傲了简要评析,并提出了修改和完善《票据法》和国际私法“示范法”相关规定的立法建议。     

论有效公共管理体系在构建和谐社会中的作用

政府的行政体系和市场体系是控制社会、影响社会的最大的两股力量。理论研究和实践表明,政府公共行政和公共管理体系在创造和提升国家竞争力方面具有重要的作用。一个民主的、负责任的、有能力的、高效率的和透明的政府行政管理体系,对整个社会的和谐稳定是不可或缺的。只有将政府的能力同时界定在管理社会、服务社会、培育社会这三个方面,才能使政府的公共管理能力跟得上时代的步伐。     

法人目的事业范围之检析

法人的行为界限如何 ,能否受目的事业范围限制 ,流行理论莫衷一是。本文在人格平等的基础上 ,分析了法人一般权利能力与目的事业范围的不同性质 ,并深入研讨了目的事业范围与法人权利能力、行为能力及法定经营(活动 )范围的关系 ,进而就合理构建法人行为界限制度提出自己的构想和立法建议。     

中日两国自然人民事行为能力制度之比较分析

日本民法关于自然人民事行为能力的规定具有相当的合理性 ,按日本民法在完全民事行为能力和无民事行为能力两大方面的规定及相关内容 ,对照《中华人民共和国民法 (草案 )》中自然人民事行为能力制度进行比较分析 ,以求对我国该项制度的完善有所裨益。     

民事责任能力的基本理论及立法完善

民事责任能力是与民事权利能力、民事行为能力相并列的一种独立的民法上的能力。民事责任能力有广义和狭义之分,广义上的民事责任能力包括违约责任能力、侵权责任能力和缔约过失责任能力,狭义上的民事责任能力仅指侵权责任能力。侵权责任能力以识别能力为一般判断标准,以财产状况为例外标准,但是要对财产标准的适用设定严格的条件限制,具有责任能力的未成年人造成他人损害的,应与监护人一起承担连带责任。     

提升少先队辅导员专业化素养的“八字诀”

少先队辅导员是少先队工作中最为重要的力量,他们的能力水平决定着少先队工作的真正成效。文章从＂导＂、＂引＂、＂研＂、＂建＂、＂练＂、＂结＂、＂展＂、＂评＂八个方面就辅导员的职业发展和成长路径作了探讨。     

论监护人侵权责任的承担

无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人致人损害，产生的赔偿责任由监护人承担，被监护人有财产的例外。因我国立法中没有责任能力的规定，没有区分承担侵权责任的主体，司法实践和理论上对监护人侵权责任的归责原则亦有争议。监护人的侵权责任应当适用过错推定责任原则，一方面要保护被监护人，另一方面也要注重受害人利益的平衡。家庭责任保险的引入和推广，能够有助于这一争议的解决。     

Don’t reinvent the wheel: possibilities for and limits to building capacity of grassroots international NGOs

Abstract

How can support organisations build the capacity of volunteer-driven non-governmental organisations (NGOs)? Citizen aid for relief and development has expanded rapidly in the twenty-first century, and the number of American aid organisations operating in the Global South has grown to nearly 10,000. These grassroots international NGOs – GINGOs – are small-budget, volunteer-driven organisations typically launched by Americans without professional experience in international development or nonprofit management. These groups prize the expressive and voluntaristic dimensions of development work, yet face challenges of amateurism, material scarcity, fragmentation, paternalism and restricted focus. We investigate whether support organisations, whose primary goals are to build the capacity of organisations and strengthen the organisational field, offer solutions to GINGOs’ inherent weaknesses. We draw on 15 semi-structured interviews with a stratified selection of support organisations, including associations tailored towards international development and towards nonprofit work at large. We find that support organisations offer resources to help GINGOs in managerial and administrative domains. Fewer support organisations help GINGOs build technical development skills, and fewer still push GINGOs to critically reflect on their role in development. We find that peer learning and online platforms could help engage GINGOs volunteers in networking spaces, even as their geographic dispersal in the US encourages their fragmentation and isolation.     

审判中心视角下的行政诉讼制度构造

"以审判为中心"的政法政策同样适用于行政诉讼制度改革,它要求法院发挥自身司法能力和司法制度能力,有效地介入涉法行政争议之中,并藉此保护法益。在行政诉讼中,司法权与行政权之间是法律监督上的国家权力结构关系。法院优位于行政机关,法院作为独立裁判者指挥诉讼管理关系和裁判过程。以审判为中心的行政诉讼制度构造,应最大限度地发挥法院司法能力在解决行政争议上的优位角色,应完整地发挥行政诉讼法的制度能力,即发挥立法、司法解释、司法组织及指导性案例的制度功能。行政诉讼司法准入、行政机关负责人出庭应诉、诉讼管辖、庭审制度等,是否体现了"以审判为中心"的制度改革方向,主要看其是否有利于行政争议的实质解决和法益有效保护。"多元化纠纷解决机制"政策和行政行为合法性审查为中心的行政诉讼制度,影响了法院的诉讼角色和功能。回归司法权和诉讼制度本质,宜在行政争议、行政行为和法益之间构造出一致性的诉讼结构关系;宜从组织和体制改革转向程序改革,发挥行政程序和司法程序在塑造司法公正和司法效率上的作用。     

Assistive technology as support for the exercise of legal capacity

Exercising legal capacity refers to engaging in legal transactions and relationships and is essential for the full inclusion of people with disabilities in society. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has enumerated the right to legal capacity on an equal basis and has created a state obligation to provide access to support for the exercise of legal capacity. This article examines the use of assistive devices as support for decision-making in exercising legal capacity for individuals with physical and cognitive impairments; for example, the use of voice recognition programmes, screen readers, and screen enlargement applications to support people with mobility and sensory impairments to use online portals essential for legal actions such as banking. It also discusses the experimental use of cognitive assistance, including computer or electrical assistive devices, to facilitate communication for people with cognitive impairments including those with no external signs of consciousness. It highlights the diversity of options for ‘support for the exercise of legal capacity’ showing how they can assist people with various disabilities. Finally, the article examines the boundaries of the state obligation to provide such support, including issues of practical implementation and resource allocation.