试论社会转型期的领导文化建构

在社会转型期 ,加强领导文化建设 ,对保证党及其领导的社会主义现代化事业的兴旺发达具有极为重要的战略意义。领导文化的社会功能在于对社会发展具有推动作用 ,对领导行为具有决定作用 ,对公众意识具有引导作用。现代领导文化的核心内容包括领导制度文化、领导行为文化和领导观念文化。建构有中国特色社会主义的新型领导文化应当坚持以马克思主义科学理论为指导原则 ,以批判继承、综合创新为根本方法 ,以社会主体全面发展为价值目标。     

日本及中国的稻作文化与祭祀

中日两国历史久远的稻作文化及相关的祭祀,虽有地域、民族的差异,但也有不少类似之处.这与文化的传播与交流不无关系.通过实证性、复合性的比较研究,可以阐发东亚稻作文化的一些共同特征.     

毛泽东的中西文化比较观

本文对毛泽东的中西文化比较观的探讨,从三个层面展开.首先阐述毛泽东的中西文化比较研究重在揭示古今之异,亦即把握封建文化与资本主义文化的对立;其次通过对毛泽东早年有关论述的具体分析,以说明毛泽东的中西文化的比较研究尤其关注中西文化在道德方面的差异,借以强调中国文化为伦理形态的文化,不重视知识论意义上的文化,只重视道德文化;再次阐述毛泽东的中西文化比较研究不是一种纯理论的探索,而是为了提倡向西方学习.     

创造良好外部环境 促进中小企业发展

中小企业的发展受到许多外部条件的制约 ,如 :缺乏统一的宏观管理体制 ;缺乏公平的经济政策环境 ;融资环境不顺畅 ;社会化服务体系和法律保障体系不健全等。为促进我国中小企业的发展 ,结合我国国情 ,提出如下建议 :解放思想 ,转变观念 ;建立统一的中小企业管理机构 ;建立政策性融资渠道 ;发展创新直接融资渠道和间接融资渠道 ;建立健全社会化服务体系以及法律保障体系     

Labeled clanization: the social structure of a Third Line enterprise*

This work focuses on the Third Line workers, who were secretly located in the remote mountain areas and fully untapped in the studies of Chinese labor politics. In this study, I show that the Third Line workers mainly originate from three different groups: the transferred workers, the returned educated youths, and the demobilized soldiers. These three origins served as different labels signifying the characteristics that each group had in common. In the workers’ quotidian interactions, these labels were meaningfully and closely associated with the workers’ occupational opportunities in the factory and shape their mutual perceptions and attitudes toward one another. As a result, the high degree of isolation gradually shaped the social structure of the Third Line workers toward a model of ‘labeled clanization.’ In the light of this unique social structure, I further argue that the widely accepted organizational dependency of Chinese urban danwei system needs to be reconsidered.     

Under construction and highly contested: Islam in the post-Soviet Caucasus

While scholarship on Islam in the Caucasus has focused on the late Soviet religious revival – the rise of Salafi jihadism and religious radicalisation in the northern part of these strategic crossroads – no study to date has addressed the discursive struggle over the social functions of regional Islam. This article deconstructs these discourses in order to examine the very varying, and often conflicting, representations of Islam advocated by various actors across the region and within particular republics. The article highlights the contested functions of regional Islam against the background of a religious revival that is still a work in progress.     

Real and unreal masculinities: the celebrity image in anti-trafficking campaigns

Numerous scholars note the highly gendered nature of anti-trafficking responses. Much of the literature exploring anti-trafficking campaigns, however, focuses on the objectification of women and their placement as abject bodies, objects of violence, in pain and to be pitied. Nevertheless, few scholars explore how these campaigns portray men and shape masculinities. Using as example a highly publicised online anti-trafficking campaign, ‘Real Men Don't Buy Girls’, this article responds to this gap in the literature by exploring depictions of masculinities through this prominent anti-trafficking public service announcement. The article observes that this announcement serves not to reshape gender performance around trafficking, but instead further reproduces existing gender structures and power relations underpinning trafficking and child exploitation. It observes that the campaign re-instantiates hegemonic masculinities – framing men enacting this masculine form as ‘real men’ – while encouraging men to embody a virile, successful, consumerist, controlling, and patriarchal manliness. We observe that these characteristics are notably assigned to celebrity men. Meanwhile, it is noted that men who buy girls are set in binary opposition to these real men, being shaped as faceless, un-described, deviant, and ‘unreal’. The result is that the campaign not only patterns masculinities, but also objectifies the objectifier as well as women, recreating a gender ordering in which women and girls remain disempowered, and buyers of girls are ultimately denied subjecthood and thus the ability to change. This article, therefore, uses this one case study to call for anti-traffickers, researchers, and scholars to urgently consider, research, and reshape portrayals of masculinities in anti-trafficking literatures. It calls for greater diversity and fuller account for a broader spectrum of gender representations in the visual representations of those involved in, and responding to, human and child trafficking, in both our scholarly work and public action.     

贝克的风险社会理论及其启示——评《风险社会》和《世界风险社会》

乌尔里希·贝克的风险社会理论是一种重视制度面向的社会学批判理论,其认识论基础是反思的现实主义,其理论预设是等级秩序的存在.中国以一种特殊的方式开始进入风险社会.风险社会理论透视出中国在现代化反思能力、法律系统、科学理性和社会理性的互动、环境法基本原则方面存在一些问题.     

关于商法学中商主体概念的探讨

商主体,作为概念,是我国商法学理论中最重要的基础概念之一;作为经济实体,是我国经济活动中主要的参与者和被管理对象.但是,在目前的商法学的权威教材中,不仅对商主体概念内涵的揭示是含混、相互矛盾的,甚至是自相矛盾的,而且对商主体与相关概念的区别也缺乏认真研究,从而导致理论学习和阐述上的混乱.虽然,统一的定义,在科学研究中几乎是不可能的,甚至对科学研究没有益处,但应该承认这种认识上的混乱在相当程度上影响了商法学理论的发展和商法学理论对我国商事立法和经济管理活动的贡献程度.通过介绍、分析,比较我国商法学理论界对商主体、商人、企业和民事主体的概念的不同观点,并结合世界主要商法典的相关规定以及相关经济学理论,阐述了对商法学中商主体与相关主体之间的区分的认识,并最终归纳出商主体的概念.     

旅游合同中旅游营业人的民事责任

在由旅游营业人和旅客构成的旅游法律关系中,旅客经常处于劣势地位,如何保障他们的权益,是一个值得研究的问题.强化旅游营业人的民事责任,为旅客的损害赔偿提供多种救济途径,这应当是未来保障旅客的合法权益的一个行之有效的思路.