俄罗斯的行刑社会化制度

根据俄罗斯现行刑法典和刑事执行法典的规定 ,俄罗斯的行刑社会化制度 ,包括不将被判刑人与社会隔离的刑罚的行刑社会化、剥夺自由刑的行刑社会化 ,假释和缓刑四项内容。规定行刑社会化制度的目的 ,在于组织社会力量参与对服刑罪犯的惩罚与改造 ,使其回归社会后能够适应正常的社会生活 ,不重新犯罪     

更腐倡廉制度建设的几点思考

加强反腐倡廉制度建设,既是提高我们党执政能力的迫切要求,也是完善惩治和预防腐败体系的核心内容,更是从源头上预防腐败的治本之策和必由之路。制度建设在惩防体系中处于核心保障地位,是建立健全和有效发挥惩防体系作用的关键因素。改革开放以来,各地各部门积极探索反腐倡廉制度建设的新路,形成了一大批制度规定,但仍然存在一些不足。反腐倡廉制度建设需要上升到国家战略层面,要在全党进一步形成动手抓制度建设的生动局面。同时,制度建设还需要进一步增强层次性、针对性、创新性和执行力。     

俄罗斯东部地区劳动力资源与移民问题

近十几年来俄罗斯人口持续减少,特别是其东部地区人口减速令人震惊,而且人口减少已形成难以逆转之势。俄东部地区地广人稀,劳动力资源缺乏问题长期存在。人口锐减导致劳动力不足问题加剧。人口问题对俄东部地区乃至整个俄罗斯经济增长构成现实威胁。俄政府鼓励多生育等措施不奏效,人口形势继续恶化。选择移民补充人口和劳动力是现实的解决办法。俄调整和完善国家吸引移民政策势在必行。     

人的发展:马克思的视角和方法

马克思以其特有的视角和方法揭示了人的发展的涵义、途径和动力等。面对当今世界日益突出的人的问题和日益高涨的“人学热”,深刻领会马克思的思想,对于全面正确地认识人、解决人的发展问题有着重大的理论和实践意义。     

Executive control of bureaucracy and presidential cabinet appointments in East Asian democracies

This article examines the role of cabinet appointments in controlling the bureaucracy in presidential democracies. I demonstrate how administrative challenges stemming from the structure of the bureaucracy shape presidential choice of ministers. Analyzing a sample of four East Asian cases from 1986 through 2013, I find that presidents are more likely to select ministers from the civil service as bureaucracies are more professionalized, controlling for several political factors. Further evidence from qualitative interviews and case studies suggests that, in professionalized systems equipped with a sizable pool of talent but lacking responsiveness, presidents tend to promote ideologically aligned senior civil servants. However, in politicized systems, where presidents easily obtain responsiveness but face a low level of competence, policy experts tend to be selected from outside the bureaucracy. My findings have important implications for the regulatory governance and state capacity of East Asia, demonstrating the value of balancing between responsiveness and competence.     

劳动产权与劳动力产权——工会协调劳动关系的两个理论维度

维护职工合法权益进而协调劳动关系是工会的基本职责。职工劳动收益和适宜的工作环境是职工合法权益的重要内容。职工劳动收益量的确定需要以劳动产权为客观尺度;职工权益的改善需要以企业管理方式的变化为实现手段,而劳动力产权则是企业管理人性化转化的一项重要内驱力。劳动产权与劳动力产权构成工会协调劳动关系的两个理论维度。     

The idea of the legal regulation of war and its origin

The subject matter of the analysis in this paper is jus in bello and the very possibility of its existence. On the face of it, the concept that in the event of the outbreak of hostilities, the use of force against one＇s opponent should be somehow regulated and limited, which is stranger, and its origin is more difficult to explain, than the concept that human societies should live together in peace or that wars should only be begun on some ethical or legally acceptable grounds. It is likely that limits on the use of force, or at least pressures to keep it within a ritualized framework, are property of human beings that enabled our ancestors to live together as social animals. Something similar would have been applied for groups of such beings. Even though the tendency to regulate the use of force in war has existed in the earliest times, this is not a simple task and sets against this effort there are a number of factors that encourage the freest use of violent methods and weapons： The war is a serious business and the desire to win at all costs is very strong, the logic of war leads the combatants to employ all the forces that can be freed from elsewhere and make use of all available advantages and means, a combat is an emotional mater not only rational, etc. Against these forces, the factors that work in favor of the legal regulation of the use of force are： The existence of at least a basic common identity, a situation in which war does not have the characteristics of total war, ear of reprisals by the enemy, the principle of proportion of force used to the objectives, the existence of an approximately comparable moral code and warrior code of honor on both sides, and the need to legitimize war. The extent to which a given war will abide by legal regulation of the use of force depends on the result of the balance of the opposing factors listed above.     

劳动合同立法:寻求适用的立法取向

在劳动合同法的立法中,出现了“权益保护”论者和“成本优势”论者的争论。争论陷入了利益规范的争论,即诸多劳动标准多少、高低、宽严等的争论。其实,他们有着共同的立法取向,即利益规范取向。立法应是基于“基准”利益的权利规范取向,而不应是利益规范取向。权利规范取向,还应该是劳动者权利规范取向。寻求这种取向,可能使上述争论达成共识,能够更好地保障劳动者的利益,同时避免丧失劳动力成本的优势。     

裁量不起诉的法定效力

检察官提起公诉必须从两个方面进行衡量:考虑公诉证据是否充分;根据现行法律规定和公共利益的要求,考虑是否有必要提起公诉.基于这两个方面的考虑,检察官可能会对某些案件作出不起诉的决定.这种基于公诉裁量权而作出的不起诉决定具有不同的法定效力.