Outline Shape Analysis on the Trochlear Constriction and Olecranon Fossa of the Humerus: Insights for Sex Estimation and a New Computational Tool,

Sex estimation through visual analysis of the distal humerus can contribute to establishing the biological profile of an unidentified skeletal individual. Using statistical shape modeling, the trochlear constriction open curves and olecranon fossa closed outlines of 151 humeri were digitized and analyzed. The shape configurations exhibited strikingly different degrees of sexual dimorphism when evaluated using linear discriminant analysis with leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. The trochlear constriction performed poorly, correctly classifying 63.6% of the individuals. However, the olecranon fossa showed high sexual dimorphism, presenting a 94.0% accuracy. A simpler model using only two principal components was also generated. While the accuracy is slightly inferior (88.1%), it has the advantage of being constrained to bidimensional components that were translated into morphoscopic variables within a simulator interface. This allowed us to implement the method through a web application that does not require users to be trained in landmark digitization or have knowledge of geometric morphometrics.     

Steve Biko as existentialist communicator

Abstract

Despite ongoing interest and reflection on the work and ideas of Stephen Bantu Biko (1946–1977) in South Africa, no scholarly contribution from a communicological perspective has been published yet. While Biko regarded himself first and foremost as a freedom fighter who aimed to topple the apartheid regime, many regard him more as a philosopher – perhaps an ‘organising philosopher ’ or a sort of ‘social and political philosopher ’ as Sono (1993, 90ff.) puts it. More (2008, 64) goes further and argues that Biko, in his writings, displays a definite philosophical outlook, ‘an Africana existentialist preoccupation with “being-black-in-an-antiblack-world” and [a preoccupation with] questions of “black authenticity ” and “black liberation”’. The main aim of the article is to consider whether Biko as communicator makes human communication as a mode of existence come alive. Biko never addressed the problematic nature of human communication directly. The article concludes that Biko may be regarded as a foremost existentialist communicator during apartheid South Africa, and that his thoughts on meaningful and authentic existence remain relevant for confronting the vexing challenges facing contemporary South African communities.     

浅析当代大学生就业问题

进入新世纪以来,大学毕业生的就业压力不断加大,并且这一形势日趋严峻,这已经是众所周知的事实。就业是人类社会普遍存在的社会经济现象,也是每个大学生人生发展的重要课题。现如今的就业问题既是个人生存前提,也是人生实现的主要舞台。     

水泥地面上滴落状血迹形态的模拟实验

目的观察水泥地面上不同高度、速度对滴落状血迹的形态和大小,应用于现场勘验。方法采用等量抗凝人血,在静态和动态条件下,进行滴落状血迹的模拟实验,观察血迹的形态,测量其直径,用专业统计软件进行分析。结果在静态条件下,滴落状血迹呈圆形,其周围有毛刺状突起;滴落状血迹的大小(直径)与滴落高度之间有较好的线性关系,可得出回归方程。在慢走、急走、跑、快跑动态条件下,滴落状血迹为圆形或椭圆形,沿运动方向的一侧出现突起;高度、速度分别对血迹形态有影响,而且两者有交互作用。结论滴落状血迹形态和大小的观察和测量,可用推断出血部位的高度、运动速度和方向。     

卢卡奇对马克思本体论的厘定

卢卡奇把马克思的哲学归结为社会存在本体论,但他理解的社会存在和马克思的思想并不完全一致,他从历史性和过程性两方面来界定社会存在。他所说的社会存在的本体论有两层含义:一是指研究社会存在的本体论方法,二是指实践可以揭示一切社会存在,它是社会存在中本体性的东西。     

从虚拟实在到虚拟生存

第二媒介时代的主角———电脑以及互联网络为我们这个世界增加了一个全新的维度———虚拟实在,促使人们探讨虚拟实在的意义,思考虚拟生存的基本特质。虚拟实在的三重意义包涵技术意义、艺术精神与哲学价值。虚拟实在的二元价值存在反映了人类基本价值取向的不同方面,分别对应着虚拟实在的三重意义。虚拟实在的三重意义视域和二元价值存在规定了虚拟生存的一些基本特征:虚拟生存是超越时空的、符号化的感官沉浸生存。     

诉讼掮客问题刍议

诉讼掮客是指在法官和当事人之间搞活动、拉关系的人,主要包括单打独斗、“垂帘听政”、“包二爷”和联营等类型,行政机关和公、检、法等司法机关的离职及在职人员等是其主要来源。诉讼掮客的存在原因比较复杂,对法律服务市场、法制建设和社会稳定产生了较大的危害性。因而有必要针对诉讼掮客问题,提出若干具体解决措施并完善代理、辩护等制度,设立“关系律师”媒体公开制度和法律共同体依法执业制度。     

简述微量物证的发现及提取

犯罪行为是物质的运动,无论犯罪分子如何狡猾,在任何犯罪现场都不可避免地留下与犯罪分子或犯罪过程相关的微量物证。一经发现并提取到罪犯遗留在现场和从现场带走的某些微量物质,经比对检验鉴别,即可为侦破案件提供证据。过去微量物证不受重视的一个原因是,微量物证具有形微量少的特点,由于没有系统掌握发现和提取的方法,致使微量物证的利用率较低,因而应加大对微量物证知识的教育。     

美学——哲学的最高形态

美学长期在"形而上学"和"形而下学"压制之下,丧失了自身的特质.美学研究应当回到生存世界本身,研究人类生活的感性形式.这正是传统哲学无能为力的领域.所以,美学是从传统哲学止步之处发轫的.纵观美学史,从柏拉图将美学定义为最高形态的学问,到现代美学学科的形成,美学的要义与精髓正表现为其研究的是哲学中的最大难题.美学探索生活世界的根基,是一门超越传统学科的"元学".因而,美学的发展也引发了哲学思维的剧变,哲学的"基本原理"由美学构成,美学真正成为了哲学的最高形态.     

论构成要件理论的违法行为类型说

为了克服构成要件的行为类型说在体系上的不足,在刑法学中出现了构成要件的违法行为类型说,该学说是日本刑法学中构成要件理论的通说观点。以构成要件与违法性的关系为标准,违法行为类型说又可以分为认识根据说和存在根据说。认识根据说认为构成要件与违法性是相互独立的存在,但是行为如果该当构成要件就可以推定其具有违法性;存在根据说认为构成要件本身就是类型化了的不法,是违法性的价值实体。