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181.
劳动收入增长落后于经济增长,分配关系不合理。要解决劳动收入比重下降问题,就必须正确理解我国收入分配指导方针,深入探讨按劳分配的内在含义,建立以劳动工资为主体的收入分配机制,健全工会集体谈判制度,转变政府职能,建立健全社会保障机制。 相似文献
182.
夏金梅 《胜利油田党校学报》2008,21(1):65-68
随着经济的高速发展,我国居民收入水平普遍提高,但收入分配不均的程度也在日益加剧。我国城乡之间、行业之间、区域之间、城镇(或农村)内部的收入差距都不断扩大。收入差距扩大必将阻碍经济发展,必须采取有力措施,缩小收入差距,促进经济持续稳定发展。 相似文献
183.
近年来,我国汽车保险业务发展迅速,保费收入不断增长,车险业务保费收入占产险公司总保费收入的比重也连创新高。但在车险业务快速发展的同时,经营效益欠佳日益引起人们的关注,行业亏损已成为大家公认的看法,在此背景下,本文利用大量翔实的数据深入分析了我国车险业务的保费收入情况和赔付支出情况,并相应分析了我国车险业务经营亏损的原因及对策。 相似文献
184.
Guillermina Jasso 《Social Justice Research》1989,3(3):251-276
The Mertonian starting idea for this paper is St. Anselm's idea that the will has two inclinations: an affection for what is to the person's own advantage and an affection for justice. We show that in decision-making situations, where the individual must choose a course of action from among a set of alternatives, the individual, subject to the two inclinations and thus guided by the twin considerations of own good and the common good as he/she forms the preference orderings for the alternatives, is in one of three states: (i) the state of Harmony, defined by perfect coincidence of the orderings induced by the two criteria; (ii) the state of Conflict, defined by perfect reversal of the orderings; and (iii) the state of Ambiguity, defined by ordering-pairs which are neither identical nor exactly opposite. The most general result states that if the number of alternatives is two, then the individual is in either Harmony or Conflict; if, however, the number of alternatives exceeds two, then Ambiguity is also a possible outcome. We then apply the framework to the case of choosing an income distribution, letting the own-good and common-good criteria dictate orderings based on personal outcomes (such as own income or own income rank) and social outcomes (such as mean income or income inequality), respectively, and examining the relation between the two orderings in five families of probability distributions. In the special case where own good is an increasing function of own income and the common good is a decreasing function of income inequality, our results show that each society has a group in Harmony (the poorest group) and one additional group, either in Conflict or in Ambiguity. Finally, we speculate about the behavioral and social implications of the three states and their configurations in the population. 相似文献
185.
JOHN R. HIPP 《犯罪学》2007,45(3):665-697
This study tests the effects of neighborhood inequality and heterogeneity on crime rates. The results of this study, which were obtained by using a large sample of census tracts in 19 cities in 2000, provide strong evidence of the importance of racial/ethnic heterogeneity for the amount of all types of crime generally committed by strangers, even controlling for the effects of income inequality. Consistent with predictions of several theories, greater overall inequality in the tract was associated with higher crime rates, particularly for violent types of crime. Strong evidence revealed that within racial/ethnic group inequality increases crime rates: Only the relative deprivation model predicted this association. An illuminating finding is that the effect of tract poverty on robbery and murder becomes nonsignificant when the level of income inequality is taken into account; this finding suggests that past studies that failed to take income inequality into account may have inappropriately attributed causal importance to poverty. This large sample also provides evidence that it is the presence of homeowners, rather than residential stability (as measured by the average length of residence), that significantly reduces the level of crime in neighborhoods. 相似文献
186.
通过对陕西居民收入差距的测算,发现城乡间的差距仍是主要的差距且存在扩大的趋势。农业政策的边际效应递减,人力资本投资差异等是差距扩大的主要原因。因而,缩小陕西居民的收入差距应该从政府职能创新、寻找新的农业增长点、积极发展农村职业教育等方面来入手。 相似文献
187.
Some suggest that affirmative action has contributed to the widening gap between better-off and worse-off blacks. Analyses of census data challenge the claim. 相似文献
188.
赵文星 《中共云南省委党校学报》2003,4(6):86-87
改革开放以来,我国的收入分配制度发生了根本性的变革。本文在分析收入分配领域存在的突出问题的基础上,提出以十六大精神为指导,从六个方面深化收入分配制度的改革。 相似文献
189.
解说中国收入分配调节的五大难题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高淑琼 《中共云南省委党校学报》2003,4(6):80-82
新体制建立过程中需要特别关注收入分配制度的完善,防止居民收入分配差距过大。但目前,税制缺陷、社保资金不足等是困扰我国收入分配调节的五大难题。 相似文献
190.
个人所得税在调节收入差距、缓解分配不公过程中已暴露出许多矛盾和问题,随着经济体制改革的不断深入,个人所得税税制亟待修改、完善。 相似文献