有序开展劳务输出努力提高农民收入--从桂林市农民打工收入现状看农村劳务输出的有效管理

文章通过对桂林市农民外出打工及其收入现状和特点的分析,指出我国农村劳务输出目前基本上还处于自发、盲目和无序的状态,阐明了农民外出打工面临的种种困难,剖析了形成农村劳务输出无序状态及造成农民打工困难状况的主客观原因,并从切实履行政府主导职责;认真抓好劳务培训;加大经费投入力度;规范中介服务,发挥群团作用等四个方面提出了主动加强农村劳务输出管理,有效提高农民打工收入的对策措施.     

提高劳动收入使劳动者分享经济社会发展成果

改革开放带来了社会财富的增大。劳动者作为社会财富的主要创造者,在目前的收入分配体制下,只有通过取得更高的劳动收入才能够分享到经济发展的繁荣,而要实现这一点又有赖于工会矫正失衡的劳动关系和维权范围力度的加大。     

壮大中等收入阶层构建社会主义和谐社会

党的十六届四中全会提出构建社会主义和谐社会的战略目标.壮大中等收入阶层是构建社会主义和谐社会的题中应有之义;壮大中等收入阶层有其必然性;中等收入阶层在我国社会阶层结构中所占比例偏低.要构建社会主义和谐社会,国家必须抑制贫富两极分化趋势,努力壮大中等收入阶层.其路径主要有三条第一条是坚持和完善社会主义收入分配制度;第二条是加大对收入分配的调节力度;第三条是统筹城乡区域发展.     

中国企业所得税法的改革趋向

中国企业所得税法的根本性改革是税法改革的重点。它直接关系到中央与地方,政府与企业,企业与企业之间权益的合理调整。构建公司所得税法是改革的目标。围绕这个目标,改革应通过合理配置税权增强中央的宏观调控权和地方对公共产品的供给能力,通过降低税率提高税收的效率,通过合理配置优惠政策,实现企业公平竞争和经济社会协调发展。同时,选择科学的税法理论、正确的税收政策与社会发展背景作为分析框架,是达到企业所得税法改革的目标的较好路径。     

Post-Soviet Society and Russia’s Macroeconomic Statistics

This article investigates the causes of the distorted macroeconomic statistics in the Russian Federation. It introduces alternative methods for the estimation of gross domestic product (GDP) growth, and the growth and amount of fixed capital stock, and estimates them by drawing on alternative data. Our estimates for the period of 1992–2015 differ substantially from those reported by the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). According to our estimates, GDP declined by 10.2 percent, which is in sharp contrast with the official estimate reporting growth of 13.4 percent. The same is found with regard to labor productivity, for which we find a decline of 30.1 percent instead of a growth of 9.2 percent. Accordingly, the full book value of fixed capital stock shrunk by 29.2 percent instead of the officially reported 50.9 percent growth. The drop in the residual value of fixed capital is estimated at 52.6 percent. The ratio of replacement to book value of fixed capital fluctuated between 4:1 in the middle of the period and 7:1 toward the end of the period. Additionally, we estimate the amount of investment in human and physical capital necessary for producing 3 percent annual GDP growth. Financing such investment would require a decline in personal consumption by about a factor of 2, with a greater part of it falling on the better off population strata. Finally, we make suggestions regarding income redistribution.     

日照市实施经济适用住房“货币直补”改革的案例研究

日照市委、市政府以创新的理念、改革的精神,积极探索经济适用房“货币直补”的新路子,坚持用地市场化、补贴货币化、购房自主化、运作透明化、管理动态化,收到了住房困难户、房地产开发商和社会各界多方满意的良好成效。总结日照市实施经济适用房“货币直补”改革的政府管理案例,对于在市场经济条件下地方政府如何克服改革过程中出现的问题和弊端,如何定位自己的角色和职能,如何创造性地贯彻执行党和国家的政策,如何树立以人为本、执政为民、公正廉洁的政府良好形象等,具有政府管理方法论上的参考借鉴意义。     

"三农"问题的核心是增加农民收入

在新的历史阶段,"三农"问题的核心是增加农民收入问题.农民增收缓慢不仅影响农民生活水平提高,而且影响粮食生产和农产品供给;不仅制约农村经济发展,而且制约整个国民经济增长;不仅关系农村社会进步,而且关系全面建设小康社会目标的实现.我们应从提高农民素质,提高农业经济效益,减轻农民负担,加快农村剩余劳动力转移以及提高农业综合生产能力等方面着手解决问题.     

效率、公平与社会的和谐发展

在贯彻“三个代表”重要思想中,需要我们科学地看待和处理公平与效率的关系问题,社会发展既需要效率也需要公平,效率优先兼顾公平是现阶段中国的收入分配指导原则。在执行这个原则中,市场和政府在初次分配和再分配中应更好地发挥各自的作用,使效率与公平关系得到很好的处理,进一步促进社会和谐发展。     

国有垄断性企业收入分配问题的思考

由于体制性因素，政策性因素等原因，导致国有垄断性企业员工收入水平普遍较高，企业内部收入分配平均主义比较突出。为了规范国有垄断性企业的收入分配秩序，体现公平与效率的原则，必须引入竞争机制，降低垄断水平；清理整顿工资外收入，规范收入来源；降低人工成本，逐步拉开企业内分配差距。实徒工资总额管理，健全工资水平管理体制，加大宏观调控力度，理顺收入分配秩序。     

Reassessing the Cross-National Relationship Between Income Inequality and Homicide Rates: Implications of Data Quality Control in the Measurement of Income Distribution

A significant positive relationship between income inequality and homicide rates has been found in a large number of cross-sectional studies and a few longitudinal analyses; a theoretically interesting interaction effect between income inequality and social welfare has also been found. For the most part researchers have been willing to use generous quality criteria in collecting income-distribution data, to maximize sample size and thereby enhance statistical power and representativeness. In the present paper we use a recently developed data set with explicit quality ratings for the income-distribution data, which permits systematic assessment of the consequences of relying on income-distribution measures of varying quality in examining the inequality-homicide relationship. Our analyses reveal that the income inequality-homicide relationship is remarkably robust in cross-sectional analyses. Regardless of the quality of income-distribution data, we observe significant positive effects of the Gini coefficient on homicide rates in cross-sectional multivariate models. Consistent results are also observed when an interaction term for income inequality and decommodification is examined. The results of longitudinal analyses differ; we observe a significant positive effect of changes in inequality on changes in homicide rates only when income-distribution measures of low quality are used.