中国城镇化长期趋势研究

城镇化决定着城乡劳动力市场的供给，对社会经济有重要影响。研究提出了无农村经济联系城 镇化率、基于居住地的城镇化率和基于职业的城镇化率的概念，并构建了城镇化经济动力学模型，以预测城镇 化的长期趋势。研究发现：如果存在城乡收入差距，则城镇化将持续；如果城乡收入差距较大，则城镇化进程 加快；如果城乡收入实现了均等化，则城镇化终止，这时所实现的城镇化就是长期的城镇化。研究使用中国、 美国、日本和韩国的数据验证了这一分析。研究认为，要提高我国城镇化的速度和质量，就要对相关制度进行 改革，使农业以自耕农的规模经营为主，让离开农村的城镇居民脱离与农村的经济联系。     

Race,economy and punishment: inequity and racial disparity in imprisonment, 1972–2002

Guided by the Rusche and Kirchheimer thesis, this study examines variation in incarceration rates across states. Time-series regression analysis is applied to 30?years of state-level data to examine how economic factors interact with aggregate measures of race/ethnicity in predicting rates of incarceration. The analysis indicates that income inequality, not unemployment, is the most salient predictor of incarceration rates. That is, state-level measures of income inequality exert a strong, positive effect on state-level incarceration rates, and this effect is particularly salient in the presence of higher percentages of African-Americans.     

非劳动收入能缓解中国的劳动力供给紧张吗？

标准劳动供给理论认为非劳动收入的增加会减少劳动供给，但是国内外大量的实证研究对此存在 较多争议。为了应对上述争议，本研究对标准理论进行适当延展，通过考察非劳动收入对边际劳动供给的作用后 发现，非劳动收入虽然具有减少劳动时间的直接作用，但是能通过强化工资率对劳动供给的替代效应而间接增加 劳动时间供给，两者的净效应决定了非劳动收入对劳动供给的真实作用。非劳动收入对劳动供给存在正向作用的 原因在于：非劳动收入会挤占一部分享受性闲暇时间而提高闲暇的价格，从而强化人们减少闲暇时间、增加劳动 供给的“替代效应”。利用“中国综合社会调查”全国微观数据库提供的数据，本研究证实了上述观点。非劳动 收入对劳动供给的正向作用为中国应对当前的劳动供给短缺提供了政策新抓手：政府可以在不触及工资制度和假 日制度等刚性制度的前提下，通过调控非劳动收入的不同种类和形式来激活劳动供给。     

Varieties of Regulation and Financialization: Comparative Pathways to Top Income Inequality in the OECD, 1975–2005

Abstract

With financialization now acknowledged as one of the most potent threats to income equality, can finance-driven inequality be explained by a singular causal argument? Taking the case of top incomes across the OECD, this paper addresses the standard causal narrative of finance-driven inequality, where rising top income inequality is explained as a function of deregulation, financial sector growth, and a parallel weakening of the role of trade unions and the government. Applying fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to a time-series dataset (1975–2005), it assesses the ways in which configurations of institutions combined in different ways prior to the recent financial crisis, to create policy contexts conducive to top income growth. It does this by adopting a time-series approach to QCA, involving calibration and analysis of data at three successive historical waves. Results suggest that top incomes in the era of finance-driven capitalism were subject to a diversity of causal paths which generated similar outcomes in different contexts, in a manner which departs substantially from the standard narrative. In doing so, it elaborates on the application of time-series approaches to case-based analysis, and uses its results to discuss the ways in which institutions may combine in different ways to generate similar, or divergent outcomes.     

对完善我国《个人所得税法》的思考

随着中国社会经济的发展,个人所得税在调节个人收入,维护社会公平方面的重要意义将更加凸显.我国现行的《个人所得税法》存在的主要问题有:税制模式不能体现纳税人税负的公平合理;个人所得税的征收范围窄,不利于发挥税收的调节作用;费用扣除标准的设定不合理;税率设定复杂显失公平;税收征管缺乏力度;全社会依法纳税的意识依然淡薄,纳税义务人故意隐瞒收入.其改进方案包括:选择合理的税制模式;拓宽个人所得税的征税范围,减少减免税项目;调整费用扣除标准;税率调整;加强税收源头控制,防止税款流失;加大对偷漏个人所得税行为的查处、打击力度,维护法律的严肃性.通过有针对性的改革,进一步修改、完善适合我国社会主义市场经济发展需求的科学的《个人所得税法》.     

When Basic Income Meets Professor Pangloss: Ignoring Public Administration and Its Perils

Basic income advocates propose a model that they believe will dramatically improve on current welfare programmes by alleviating poverty, reducing involuntary unemployment and social exclusion, redistributing care work, achieving a better work–life balance, and so on. Whether these expected social effects materialise in practice critically depends on how the model is implemented, but on this topic the basic income debate remains largely silent. Few advocates explicitly consider questions of implementation, and those that do are typically dismissive of the administrative challenges of implementing a basic income and critical (even overtly hostile) towards bureaucracy. In this contribution we briefly examine (and rebut) several reasons that have led basic income advocates to ignore administration. The main peril of such neglect, we argue, is that it misleads basic income advocates into a form of Panglossian optimism that risks causing basic income advocacy to become self‐defeating.     

"十一五"扬州城市居民可支配收入增长目标及路径初探

2010年扬州市城市居民人均可支配收入要达16000元以上,就必须认真分析影响城市居民人均可支配收入的多种因素,采取相应措施,不断提高城市居民收入,保证广大人民群众共享改革发展成果。     

提高劳动收入的深层思考

提高劳动收入不仅仅是对劳动者在社会经济转型时期为社会所做出的牺牲的一种补偿,更重要的是有利于社会收入分配结构的公平与和谐,从而保证社会全体成员共享社会经济发展的成果。     

日本增加农民收入的途径及启示

农业在国民经济中处于基础地位,增加农民收入是刺激农村消费需求、提高农村购买力、扩大内需的重要途径。日本在增加农民收入方面的成功经验主要包括政府的大力扶持、农业经营模式的完善、全方位的科技研发推广及积极推动城乡互动发展等。从日本经验的总结中我们可以得出一些有益的启示：建立完备的法律法规;完善农民合作经济组织体系;加大政府对农业的补贴及政策倾斜;灵活运用WTO的相关规定和原则;加强农业科技开发的推广和劳动者素质的提高;实现城乡互动发展。     

美国的收入流动性研究及启示

文章从代际收入流动、个人生命周期中的收入流动性以及低工资雇员的收入流动性三个方面,介绍了国外学者对美国收入流动性的分析.对美国收入流动性的研究表明,美国社会远不如人们所设想的那样具有流动性.收入流动性是考察收入不平等的动态视角之一,这一视角对我国的收入分配研究具有一定的借鉴意义.