对建成小康社会背景下普通劳动者收入分配的经济学思考

坚持社会主义基本经济制度和分配制度,就要调整国民收入分配格局,加大再分配调节力度,坚持走共同富裕道路.经济学原理告诉我们,劳动、资本、技术、管理在参与分配的过程中同等重要,不能只强调资本、技术和管理而忽视劳动.完善社会主义分配制度,最重要的一点就是实现按劳分配和按生产要素分配的有机结合:一是要明确界定生产要素的产权关系;二是建立健全统一、开放、竞争、有序的社会主义市场体系;三是积极寻求按劳分配与按生产要素分配能够有效结合的微观基础;四是加强收入分配的政策法律调节.     

中国与新加坡个人所得税制度的比较与借鉴

文章在纳税人居民与非居民身份的判定标准、税制模式、征税对象、费用扣除、税率的比较等方面对中国与新加坡个人所得税制度进行比较和分析,指出新加坡个人所得税制度的优点对我国的借鉴和启示。     

事实与规范视野下的我国腐败犯罪违法所得没收程序

2012年的《刑事诉讼法》中正式确立了违法所得没收程序,该特别程序的确立对于惩治腐败犯罪具有重大意义。基于当下中国反腐败的现实考量,在司法适用中,应当明确腐败犯罪中违法所得没收程序仅限于刑法典第八章贪污贿赂罪及其他章中明确规定依照第八章相关条文定罪处罚的重大犯罪案件;证明标准应当适当放松,建议实行举证责任倒置;积极参照《联合国反腐败公约》以及相关国家的立法,运用违法所得程序有效追回转移到境外的涉腐资产。     

Rising Inequality in Mexico: Household Characteristics and Regional Effects

We use an empirical framework to identify the contributions of microeconomic factors to the sharp rise in household (per capita) income inequality in Mexico between 1984 and 1994. Results indicate that changes in returns to household characteristics, in particular changes in returns to education, are responsible for about half of the increase in the Gini coefficient. The deteriorating conditions in rural areas relative to the urban areas and of the southern region relative to other regions account for another fourth of the increase in the Gini.     

Public vs. Private in Hospital Efficiency: Exploring Determinants in a Competitive Environment

This study investigates the determinants of efficiency in an Italian regional health system and estimates the effect exerted by ownership on hospitals’ performance. To achieve this aim, the Veneto region was considered as a case study and a full dataset (2011–2012) containing nonpublicly available technical data and cost and income items was analyzed. Efficiencies are measured applying a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA). Our results suggest that private hospitals perform better than public hospitals in productivity and cost saving, not considering the effect of other environmental and operational variables such as length of stay and beds per capita.     

中国城镇化长期趋势研究

城镇化决定着城乡劳动力市场的供给,对社会经济有重要影响。研究提出了无农村经济联系城镇化率、基于居住地的城镇化率和基于职业的城镇化率的概念,并构建了城镇化经济动力学模型,以预测城镇化的长期趋势。研究发现：如果存在城乡收入差距,则城镇化将持续;如果城乡收入差距较大,则城镇化进程加快;如果城乡收入实现了均等化,则城镇化终止,这时所实现的城镇化就是长期的城镇化。研究使用中国、美国、日本和韩国的数据验证了这一分析。研究认为,要提高我国城镇化的速度和质量,就要对相关制度进行改革,使农业以自耕农的规模经营为主,让离开农村的城镇居民脱离与农村的经济联系。     

台湾经济快速增长时期（快速工业化时期）的收入分配研究

台湾经济在1962—2000年经历了工业化的高速发展阶段,并取得了较高的经济增长率和收入分配的比较公平,本文通过对其之研究,定性地得出了台湾当局所采取的促进收入平均化举措,即选择了合理的经济发展模式,鼓励中小企业的大量发展,进行农业深层次改革,大力发展教育,健全社会保障制度。有鉴于台湾经验,中国大陆也可相应地借鉴这五点措施来改善目前的收入分配差距不断拉大的状况。     

城乡二元结构下农村大学生就业难问题分析

随着社会主义和谐社会构建的逐步展开,诸如城乡收入差距扩大,教育资源分配不公平,农民社会地位不高等,城乡二元结构的矛盾日益突出,这都给农村大学毕业生的就业带来深远影响。农村大学毕业生的就业压力空前加重,而其就业心理有待调整,就业竞争力有待提高。     

培育居民消费能量 做大经济发展正力

消费对经济发展具有极其重要的作用。要发挥消费对经济发展的正力,需要积极培育居民的消费能量,这正是拉动内需、启动消费的关键所在。基于居民消费影响因素的实证检验,得出居民收入状况是居民消费能量得以释放最大的制约因素。只有增加居民收入,藏富于民,做好社会保障等工作,才能培育居民的消费能量,做大经济发展的正力。     

Subsidized housing and neighborhood racial transition: An empirical investigation

Abstract

Popular wisdom has it that the development of project‐based assisted housing will cause whites to flee or avoid the surrounding neighborhood, leading to rapid racial transition. This article examines the question of whether the development of several types of project‐based, federally assisted housing had an impact on neighborhood racial transition during the 1980s. In general, the development of assisted housing in a neighborhood did not lead to racial transition, nor did it approach levels suggesting “white flight” in the few instances where racial transition did occur.

The results of our analysis suggest that one of the major criticisms of project‐based assisted housing—that it contributes to racial segregation by causing white flight—is not supported by empirical evidence.