日照市实施经济适用住房“货币直补”改革的案例研究

日照市委、市政府以创新的理念、改革的精神,积极探索经济适用房“货币直补”的新路子,坚持用地市场化、补贴货币化、购房自主化、运作透明化、管理动态化,收到了住房困难户、房地产开发商和社会各界多方满意的良好成效。总结日照市实施经济适用房“货币直补”改革的政府管理案例,对于在市场经济条件下地方政府如何克服改革过程中出现的问题和弊端,如何定位自己的角色和职能,如何创造性地贯彻执行党和国家的政策,如何树立以人为本、执政为民、公正廉洁的政府良好形象等,具有政府管理方法论上的参考借鉴意义。     

"三农"问题的核心是增加农民收入

在新的历史阶段,"三农"问题的核心是增加农民收入问题.农民增收缓慢不仅影响农民生活水平提高,而且影响粮食生产和农产品供给;不仅制约农村经济发展,而且制约整个国民经济增长;不仅关系农村社会进步,而且关系全面建设小康社会目标的实现.我们应从提高农民素质,提高农业经济效益,减轻农民负担,加快农村剩余劳动力转移以及提高农业综合生产能力等方面着手解决问题.     

效率、公平与社会的和谐发展

在贯彻“三个代表”重要思想中,需要我们科学地看待和处理公平与效率的关系问题,社会发展既需要效率也需要公平,效率优先兼顾公平是现阶段中国的收入分配指导原则。在执行这个原则中,市场和政府在初次分配和再分配中应更好地发挥各自的作用,使效率与公平关系得到很好的处理,进一步促进社会和谐发展。     

国有垄断性企业收入分配问题的思考

由于体制性因素，政策性因素等原因，导致国有垄断性企业员工收入水平普遍较高，企业内部收入分配平均主义比较突出。为了规范国有垄断性企业的收入分配秩序，体现公平与效率的原则，必须引入竞争机制，降低垄断水平；清理整顿工资外收入，规范收入来源；降低人工成本，逐步拉开企业内分配差距。实徒工资总额管理，健全工资水平管理体制，加大宏观调控力度，理顺收入分配秩序。     

Reassessing the Cross-National Relationship Between Income Inequality and Homicide Rates: Implications of Data Quality Control in the Measurement of Income Distribution

A significant positive relationship between income inequality and homicide rates has been found in a large number of cross-sectional studies and a few longitudinal analyses; a theoretically interesting interaction effect between income inequality and social welfare has also been found. For the most part researchers have been willing to use generous quality criteria in collecting income-distribution data, to maximize sample size and thereby enhance statistical power and representativeness. In the present paper we use a recently developed data set with explicit quality ratings for the income-distribution data, which permits systematic assessment of the consequences of relying on income-distribution measures of varying quality in examining the inequality-homicide relationship. Our analyses reveal that the income inequality-homicide relationship is remarkably robust in cross-sectional analyses. Regardless of the quality of income-distribution data, we observe significant positive effects of the Gini coefficient on homicide rates in cross-sectional multivariate models. Consistent results are also observed when an interaction term for income inequality and decommodification is examined. The results of longitudinal analyses differ; we observe a significant positive effect of changes in inequality on changes in homicide rates only when income-distribution measures of low quality are used.     

New directions in social stratification and income distribution: Introduction

The contributors to this special issue address important problems in the area of social stratification and income distribution. More specifically, Van der Sar and Van Praag offer a solution to the problem of measuring the relative importance of a social position by referring to the individual utility function. Hermkens and Boerman test hypotheses derived from functionalist and marxist theory concerning the degree of value consensus associated with the differential allotment of income and prestige to social positions. Shepelak points to the effects of a prevailing system of norms and values — beliefs about meritocracy, fair shares and opportunity — on the equalization of incomes. Arts and Van Wijck study social constraints to income equalization and focus on the inadequacy of decision-making processes and imperfect implementation of decisions. In the final contribution to this issue, Jasso examines the behavioral and social consequences of the simultaneous operation of two distinct considerations on courses of action: the individual's own well-being and the societal common good.     

破解农业相对萎缩与农民持续增收二律背反的途径

随着产业结构的转换 ,农业在国民经济中的位置将相对下降 ,这就与农民要持续增收产生矛盾。文章认为解决这一矛盾的根本途径就是推进城市化战略。     

劳动力市场分割:收入分配差距扩大的一个新解

劳动力市场分割是我国当前收入分配差距扩大的一个重要原因:主要劳动力市场的"垄断"以及"高教育程度"等因素导致高工资向上"刚性";次要劳动力市场"劳动力供给长期相对过剩"决定了工资的市场定价,必然导致低工资持续"粘性"。缩小收入分配差距,既要打破主要劳动力市场所属垄断行业的"垄断"地位,又要制定工资增长指导线政策,以确保次要劳动力市场工资增长。     

我国转轨经济中垄断性行业收入分配制度改革研究

我国改革开放以来,对电力、电信、铁路等垄断性行业进行了一定程度的改革并取得了一定成效。但是,上述行业垄断经营的基本格局并未根本改变,而垄断行业与其它行业的收入差距却在不断扩大。这类垄断性行业往往具有自然垄断的性质,即便是在引入竞争后仍有较高的垄断程度,而且上述行业普遍受到政府规制,规制政策直接影响到行业的经济效率以及收入分配问题。本文在综述国内外已有相关文献的基础上提出了将规制经济学分析框架以及"X非效率"理论引入到该问题的研究当中,构建了我国垄断性行业垄断形成的经济学模型以及"X非效率"的测量模型,提出了我国转轨经济中垄断性行业收入分配制度改革研究的整体研究思路。     

缩小收入差距 促进社会和谐

收入差距的不合理扩大,会引发严重的社会问题和政治问题,直接影响社会和谐。为此必须采取相应的对策,使收入差距保持在一个可以接受的范围,以避免不必要的社会矛盾激化。