金融诈骗罪的认定及立法完善

近年来,金融诈骗犯罪案件日益增多,直接危害了国家经济和金融秩序,给国家、集体和人民群众的财产造成了严重损害。如何正确认定金融诈骗罪,尤其是准确把握罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的界限等问题,完善相关的刑事立法,成为摆在法学研究工作者和公安司法机关面前的一项重要课题。     

船舶保险条款中的恐怖活动风险

本文扼要介绍“9.11恐怖袭击事件”后船舶保赔保险战争险除外条款及特别保赔保险战争险(SPECIAL P＆I WAR RISKS COVER)的变化,阐明了船舶所有人在市场上安排保赔保险战争险的必要性。     

Equity, international trade and climate policy

The literature of welfare-maximising greenhouse gas emission reduction strategies pays remarkably little attention to equity. This paper introduces various ways to consider efficiency and equity simultaneously. Lower (higher) discount rates lead to higher (lower) emission reduction. Higher (lower) inequity aversion leads to higher (lower) emission abatement, unless one also considers the negative effects of OECD emission reduction on the exports of developing countries; in that case, the effect of inequity aversion is ambiguous. In the absence of international co-operation, higher (lower) risk aversion leads to lower (higher) emission abatement. With international co-operation, the effect of risk aversion is ambiguous because the higher risk aversion gives more weight to poorer regions and poorer generations. We analyse four ways to introduce compassion in a non-cooperative setting. If observed development aid is a guide, international altruism is small and has little impact on optimal emission control. If countries act as if they 'feel' but not 'physically experience' the climate impact of the most vulnerable country, optimal emission reduction increases, but not substantially so. However, if countries actually have to pay for the damage done, they would prefer to reduce their emissions to much lower levels. Finally, if countries pay as much for emission reduction as other countries suffer from climate change, (that is, if climate policy restores the income distribution to what it would have been without climate change), emissions are rapidly cut to very low levels.     

制度过剩与制度短缺并存：民营中小企业融资的双重“制度性壁垒”

当前中国融资实践中存在着"三大反悖"现象和民营中小企业融资的"多头困境".其根源不是民营中小企业固有的内生缺陷,也不是国有金融机构资金供给上的"规模偏好"和"所有者歧视",而是融资制度过剩与融资制度短缺并存的双重"制度性壁垒".解决的途径是创新一个"政府强制推动"与"市场诱致深化"相结合的制度性金融安排,即包括内生性民营融资制度在内的多元化市场融资制度.     

Ex Ante and Ex Post Allocation of Risk of Illegality: Regulatory Sources of Contractual Failure and Issues of Corrective and Distributive Justice

The pursuit of welfare objectives through contract law rules could be exemplified in the case of illegality and subsequent nullity sanctions attached to a contract that violates certain regulatory rules. The effectiveness of contractual allocation of risk of illegality (regulatory prohibitions), therefore, varies, depending on which contract theory prevails. Maintaining the validity of a prohibited and failed contract, and allocation of the relevant risks, is crucially dependent on whether we adhere to a welfare or rights-based theory of contract. In this paper we argue that impossibility of ex ante and ex post allocation of risk of illegality is the logical outcome of the adherence to a welfare theory of contract law, as maintaining even a minimum validity of the failed contract would result in some welfare losses. According to this approach unjust enrichment could not be rectified because it would diminish the optimal enforcement of welfare objectives. On the other hand, and despite such prohibition and illegality, a rights-based theory would resist opportunistic and rent-seeking behaviour and would ensure the validity of the contract and just allocation of losses and gains, which arise from the failure of the prohibited contract.     

网上证券交易的风险防范及法律规制

网上证券交易是证券行业以互联网络为媒介给投资者提供的一种全新商业服务。因互联网络发展时间短 ,技术水平也在不断提高中 ,加上相关法律法规的缺失 ,因而网上证券交易在为证券公司带来无限商机的同时 ,也提出了如何确保投资者交易安全问题。通过探讨网上证券交易的风险类别及其防范对策的基础 ,对如何建立和完善网上证券交易法律制度提出了若干设想     

证券市场的稳定发展需要加强有效的监管

我国证券市场经过十余年的发展,已经粗具规模。证券市场的发展,对于提高长期资金筹集、资本经营、优化资源配置等起到了重要作用。在我国加入WTO后,证券市场是机遇与挑战、“利多”和“利空”并存,证券市场的稳定意义重大。因此,发展我国证券市场必须从国情出发,对证券市场的监管应综合治理,各监管主体应相互配合,构建多主体的监管框架,以形成监管合力,维护证券市场的稳定与健康发展,切实保护投资者利益。     

Examining the Science and Practice of Violence Risk Assessment with Female Adolescents

While the field of violence risk assessment among adult males has progressed rapidly, several questions remain with respect to the application of forensic risk assessment tools within other populations. In this article, we consider the empirical evidence for the assessment, prediction, and management of violence in adolescent girls. We discuss limitations of generalizing violence risk assessment findings from other populations to adolescent girls and point out areas where there is little or no empirical foundation. Critical issues that must be addressed in research prior to the adoption or rejection of such instruments are delineated. Finally, we provide practice guidelines for clinicians currently involved with adolescent females within risk assessment contexts.     

检察视角下的涉众型金融犯罪预防体系研究

随着经济、科技的发展,金融行业经历了巨大变革,金融犯罪也层出不穷,花样翻新。涉众型金融犯罪涉及人数众多且社会危害性强、影响力大,近年来呈现出高发态势,此类犯罪成因复杂,影响因素较多,严重影响我国社会经济的正常发展。现阶段我国涉众型金融犯罪防控存在诸多问题,大预防格局还有待完善。应当构建以投资人群体为中心的多机构协作和参与的预防犯罪一体化体系,全面提升金融风险治理水平,以达到有效防控涉众型金融犯罪的目的。     

The politics of federal transfers in Putin’s Russia: regional competition,lobbying, and federal priorities

Most studies of intergovernmental financial flows in the Russian Federation focus on the federal center’s decision-making in determining the direction of these flows. Anecdotal evidence, however, suggests that regional governments employ a variety of tools and strategies to compete over federal transfers. This study uses data on federal transfers during 2002–2012 to examine the factors associated with the politically sensitive share of such transfers occurring in this period. The key findings highlight the importance of administrative capacity and the value of attracting attention from, as well as cultivating relations with, federal officials for shaping decision-making on the distribution of federal transfers. We discuss some specific strategies used by more successful regional governments in attracting additional federal funds.