From Victimization to Criminalization: General Strain Theory and the Relationship Between Poly-victimization and Delinquency

Although it is well established that victimization and delinquency are related, it is not clear how this relationship works, and victims and offenders are still often studied and treated as two distinct groups. General strain theory views victimization as a form of injustice, which can give rise to anger and eventually lead to delinquency. The authors examine victimization, in particular polyvictimization, as a criminogenic factor. Based on a sample of 1,400 youths 12–17 years old in Quebec (Canada), they examine polyvictimization in relation to delinquency as well as negative emotions that can result from victimization namely anger, depression, and posttraumatic stress. The findings show support for general strain theory and highlight the importance of anger for the relationship between victimization and juvenile delinquency.     

New localism or fuzzy centralism: policymakers’ perceptions of public education and involvement in education

This research examines local authority involvement in education as a function of local policymakers’ perceptions of education as a public service – namely, whether public education is for the benefit of society as a whole, or for individual students and parents. Perceptions of education and involvement in education were assessed through 107 questionnaires returned by mayors and heads of local education departments in Israel. The results show that (1) local policymakers tend to perceive public education as a general public service, and (2) the relationship between this perception and involvement in education varies with the locality’s centre-periphery status. In peripheral localities, perceiving education as a general public service and an understanding of ‘society’ as the local community leads to greater involvement in education. In central localities, involvement rose with a more individualised perception. Implications of the findings are discussed in line with viewing education in the spirit of new localism.     

民法典总则与民法典立法体系模式

德国民法典总则的形成,是一种逻辑思维方法及立法技术运用的必然结果,其本身并不包含任何价值判断。身份权的独立所导致的“人法”的分裂,物权与债权的区分所导致的“物法”的分裂,以及法律关系一般理论的创制对于法典体系结构的影响,是该法典设置总则的技术原因。理论界对潘德克吞体系“重物轻人”的批评,混淆了罗马法与近代民法中“人法”以及“身份”的不同概念。鉴于民法典总则的体制价值和制度整合功能,中国民法典应当设置总则编。     

间接一般预防是刑罚的根本目的

刑罚的目的是刑罚论的核心问题.在评析传统理论的基础上,提出新的刑罚目的论--"统一说",即"坚持一个中心兼顾两个基本点".刑罚的目的应坚持以间接一般预防为中心,兼顾报应与特殊预防的要求,在间接一般预防的基础上实现报应与特殊预防的有机统一."统一说"为我国刑事政策的调整提供了理论依据.进一步论证了我国刑事政策调整的战略步骤.     

论高校实施通识教育的宏观管理

按大类招生即是按学科大类招生,是相对于按专业招生而言的,是高校实行“通才教育”的一种全新方式。因其对人才培养具有一定的灵活性,所以被越来越多的高校所采纳。按大类招生、实施通识教育,应该从制定符合大类招生的培养计划、规范学籍管理、实行导师制培养、加强师资队伍建设、考试管理以及按类招生学生如何专业分流等六个方面入手。     

现实与理想:检察机关智能建设现状考察与未来展望——以Z市G区检察院智慧检务试点为分析样本

最高人民检察院检察长张军强调“要紧紧抓住信息化建设带来的机遇,大力加强智慧检务建设。”检察机关人工智能建设的成效值得深入调研。以S省Z市G区检察院人工智能与智慧检务建设为样本进行实证研究,从类案大数据检索、文书智能生成、程序智能预警、办案质效提升等方面进行数据分析,破解基层检察院人工智能建设进程中存在的盲目追求智能范围广度而忽略深度、忽视司法活动的多元化与差异性、技术开发与一线需求断层等问题,从增强顶层设计,明确法律人工智能的限度、专门化技术创新、法律人参与度及人才培养等方面对法律人工智能未来的发展方向和举措进行探究。     

乡村振兴视角下乡镇公共文化服务体系建设路径探寻——以宜昌市夷陵区为例

乡村振兴,文化铸魂。实现乡村振兴,必须大力加强乡镇公共文化服务建设。本文以宜昌市夷陵区为例,总结乡镇公共文化服务体系建设中的经验,梳理存在的问题,并结合实际情况提出一些建议,以期为夷陵区以及其他地区创建公共文化服务体系示范区提供参考借鉴。     

The times they are a-changin’: party campaign strategies in the 2018 Italian election

Abstract

The 2018 Italian election produced striking results, with both a historic success for the two challenger parties (League and M5S) and massive defeats for the two mainstream parties (PD and FI). This article analyses party campaign strategies and their consistency with the opportunity structures provided by the configuration of Italian public opinion. Relying on issue-yield theory, original survey data were collected for both issue support and priority among Italian voters, and party emphases on issues in the electoral campaign – through Twitter data. The findings indicate a generalised ideological inconsistency of the constituencies of the main parties, while campaign strategies appear much more ideologically consistent. Moreover, it is found that parties focused mostly on conflict-mobilisation strategies, rather than on problem solving. Finally, the article shows that, in general, parties acted strategically, by aligning their campaign to the available opportunities, although with relevant variations across parties.     

Tremors but no Youthquake: Measuring changes in the age and turnout gradients at the 2015 and 2017 British general elections

In the aftermath of the 2017 UK General Election, some claimed that Labour performed unexpectedly well because of a surge in youth turnout. Polling estimates for the size of this ‘youthquake’ ranged from 12 to 21 points amongst 18–24 year olds. Using conventional and Bayesian statistical methods, we analyse British Election Study and British Social Attitudes random probability surveys and find no evidence of a shift in the relationship between age and turnout of this scale. Using the pooled BES and BSA reported turnout data with an informative prior that there was a modest increase in 18–24 turnout (N{6, 3}), our 95% credible interval for that change is between 0.9 and 8.8 points. Even with a strong youthquake prior (N{15.5, 3.5}), our data suggest that there is only a 4% probability that the change in turnout amongst 18–24 years olds was 12 points or higher.     

神圣与崇高:中国法治的理想图景

基督教对西方法律的影响主要表现为精神上的启蒙和推动多元社会机制形成两个方面。对西方法律传统的形成起着决定作用的自然法是以基督教神学和亚里士多德的哲学为基础的,也是以基督教会与世俗权力做斗争的历史中所形成的多元政治为基础的。理解和研究基督教法学中的智慧,追求神学的超验正义、普世博爱和超越人性弱点的精神境界,建立来自心灵深处的法律感情与社会公德,并将之与我们民族的传统文化道德的精华相结合,铺设好支撑现代法治文明大厦的社会—文化基础,构建一个具有东方特色的、多元的和谐的社会,应该成为我们所追求的"中国法律理想图景"中的一个部分。