Schools and the prevention of petty crime: Search for a missing link

Earlier research on the relation between school features and petty crime suggests that schools can intentionally influence the crime rate of the pupils. These findings were the starting point for a Dutch study at secondary schools of the same type in Dutch towns. The study focused on effects on the delinquency of third-year low-stream pupils (aged 15–17). For the study a control theory was formulated, a conditional control theory, which, in contrast to Hirschi's social control theory, recognizes possible delinquent influences of the pupils' network. In the study a strong statistical relation between integration of pupils in school and petty crime was found. However, I found almost no influence of the studied school features on integration and petty crime. These results led to the question whether the real important feature of schools had been neglected in the study. This seems not to be the case. A multilevel analysis shows that it is unlikely that there is major impact of schools on the integration of pupils, on delinquency, or on the relationship between integration and delinquency. This can be the result of special aspects of the Dutch school system and of the neglect of theory in earlier research.     

Spleen and portal lymphnode pathology in fatal drug addiction

Spleen and portal lymphnode sections from 86 drug addicts submitted for medico-legal autopsy at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Copenhagen in the year 1979 were studied together with tissue sections from 24 "normal" persons. In 70% of the drug addicts the spleen weight was more than 200 g, and in 71% portal lymphnode hyperplasia was found. Birefringent foreign material was found in spleen tissue of drug addicts in 72% and in portal lymphnode tissue in 44%. Signs of antigen stimulation in both spleen and portal lymphnode tissue evaluated by the number of germinal centre and plasma cells were found in more than 80% of the drug addicts compared with about 20% of the "normal" persons. The results were related to anamnestic information of duration of drug abuse, to the spleen weight, to the occurrence of birefringent material and to the liver changes. Examination of lysozyme and immunoglobulin containing cells using the indirect preoxidase technique was performed in a total of 72 cases of spleen tissue, 59 cases of portal lymphnode tissue from drug addicts, 24 cases of spleen tissue and 18 of portal lymphnode tissue from "normal" persons. Lysozyme, IgM and IgG containing cells were found significantly more often among drug addicts than "normal" persons. The results indicate that the splenomegalia and the portal lymphnode hyperplasia often found in drug addicts are caused by continuous antigen stimulation due to repeated injections of various antigens.     

政府公共性的理想与现实

理想的政府公共性与现实的政府公共性之间存在着很大差别。理想的政府公共性是纯粹的公共性 ,而现实的政府却具有公共性与自利性二重性 ,且自利性是政府无法克服的必然选择。用公共管理理念改造政府 ,是提高政府公共性程度 ,限制政府自利性扩张的有效举措     

论权利主体

权利主体可以归结为两种基本形态--作为权利主体的自我(公民)和作为权利主体的大我(法人).个人只有取得公民的资格,拥有权利能力和行为能力,并拥有权利能力的指向物时,才能成为权利主体.大我是公意的人格化或人格体.在法人行使权利时,支配的自然过程与支配的社会过程必然发生分离.权利主体之间最基本的原则是:所有权的神圣不可侵犯、契约自由和权利主体在法律面前的平等.     

坚持与时俱进推动工运创新

工会工作坚持与时俱进,是适应新形势、实现新任务、探索新模式以及党对工会工作的新要求.工会工作坚持与时俱进,是把握工运规律的客观要求,必须正确认识和处理好几个关系.工会工作坚持与时俱进,必须在思维方式、工会理论、工作内容、工作制度、工会干部知识结构等方面坚持创新.     

人力资源管理新趋向与工会的应对措施

面对激烈的国际市场竞争,现代企业人力资源管理模式的示范效应明显增加。工会应认真研究如何充分利用人力资源管理方法,力争有效地将人力资源管理的知识和技术转换为工会协调企业内部劳动关系、维护职工劳动经济权益的重要手段之一。     

透视"城中村"--我研究"村落终结"的方法

"城中村"是中国城市化过程中出现的独特现象,村落终结具有与农民终结不同的特殊机制。[1]村落终结不仅仅是非农化和工业化的问题,甚至也不是变更城乡分割的户籍制度问题,而是最终要伴随产权的重新界定和社会关系网络的重组。在村落研究方法方面,传统村落研究中使用"文本概括法"和"文学概括法"来处理个案调查的访谈资料,当代学者试图提炼出某种村落研究的理想类型或象限图式,但这些方法都存在着局限性。因此,需要另辟蹊径,建立一种关于中国村落终结的具有普遍解释力和更广泛对话能力的理想类型。     

中日稻作起源研究回顾

1973年河姆渡遗址发现后,中日两国学者对稻作起源的研究有了突破性进展,对稻作起源年代的认定更为明确,尤其是两国学者对稻作起源区域的高度认同以及研究方法、内容上的互补,大大丰富了稻作文化的内涵。     

论社会治安防控体系的概念、属性及结构模式

社会治安防控体系是指公安机关依据系统论，运用社会控制理论和系统工程方法，整合内部警力与社会资源，以社区警务为基础，以全时空巡逻防控为基本勤务方式，以刑侦防控为首要环节，形成统一指挥、互相配合、信息共享、协调运转，集打击、防范、管理、控制、服务等多种功能为一体，能对社会治安实施综合控制的警务工作系统。其基本属性是系统论，表现在整体性、层次性与开放性三个方面。社会治安防控体系的结构模式可归结为北京模式、廊坊模式和昆明模式三类。     

隐私权的法律保护及其价值基础

在现代社会,隐私权已经或正在成为许多国家法律明确确认和保护的权利,但我国法律迄今没有明定其为具体的权利。隐私权应否成为一项具体人格权,对它的保护有无价值,在民法典编纂之际确有探讨之必要。