浅析红军团结改造神兵的历史经验

土地革命战争时期,活跃在湘鄂川黔边区的神兵有几十万之众。红军在创建湘鄂边、湘鄂川黔革命根据地的同时,依据党的统一战线理论和民族政策,对神兵实行团结改造的政策,取得良好的效果,争取数千神兵参加红军,使神兵成为红军的主要兵源之一,神兵为红军的壮大和根据地建设作出了贡献。     

Predictability of Physical and Psychological Violence by Early Adverse Childhood Experiences

Early Adverse Childhood experiences (ACEs) in families of origin can take the form of witnessing it and/or being its victim, both of which can lead to the occurrence of domestic violence. Given such close linkage, the purpose of the present study was to determine the predictive abilities of ACEs regarding specific types of physical and psychological violence. To do so, 50 couples from those referred to five different family courts in Tehran to seek divorce due to domestic violence, were randomly selected and administered an author’s-made questionnaire assessing different types of physical and psychological violence and the participant’s history of abuse by their parents. Our findings showed that witnessing domestic violence in childhood can predict different types of physical and psychological violence, but mostly could account for “hitting” of the physical type and “cursing” of the psychological type. Similarly, being the victim of domestic violence mostly accounted for predict “strangling” of the physical type and “cursing” of the psychological type. Such results are discussed in the context of the existing literature and underscore ACEs importance in terms of their predictive ability of various types of physical and psychological violence.     

体验的回归：人本心理学启发式研究方案评析

人本心理学家穆斯塔卡斯发展的启发式研究方案具有自身的独特内涵、特征、概念框架和研究过程.作为一种有着系统的概念框架和完整研究步骤的心理学方法体系,启发式研究方案使人本心理学方法论不再流于理论倡导,而是融入到个人经验研究的具体实践,丰富、增进了心理学的质化研究方法.但它尚需进一步澄清、消除自身概念、设计与操作上的混乱之处,并需以辩证唯物主义实践观看待人的本质,确立心理学的整合视野.     

常识、常理在司法中的运用

正确理解常识和常理,对司法裁判具有重大意义。常识和常理属于人们的的经验性知识,具有前理性、非系统性、经验性、大众性乃至客观性等特征。在司法中,常识和常理是法官认识案情、解释法律、展开逻辑推理的前提和基础。法官可以运用常识、常理认定案件事实,检验和校正法律推理。常识和常理还是法官进行法律论证的资源之一。但是,不能过于夸大常识和常理在司法中的作用。     

论单个证据的证明限度

仅根据归纳法的限度否认诉讼推论大前提的确定性,忽视了诉讼证明的特殊性,导致一般经验法则不确定性的因素,在实证科学领域与诉讼认识领域之间是有差别的。凡在程序上不可为法官诉诸感知予以确定的证据命题的真值,均由程序上的言语行为人加以保证,而其讲真话的概率不可赋予精确数值。单个证据的证明值是一种不可赋予精确数值的概率,两个以上证据的综合证明值也是如此。     

Why Do Experienced Challengers Do Better than Amateurs?

Politically experienced challengers are more successful in seeking political office than amateurs. The relationship is found so regularly that political experience has become the standard ex ante indicator of challenger quality in studies of American elections. Despite this, little work has investigated why experienced challengers are so successful. Many scholars attribute the relationship to inherent differences between experienced challengers and amateurs: experienced challengers have stronger electoral skills and greater access to material resources. I argue that these differences play a role, but an indirect one. Rather, experienced challengers are lead by both their resource advantage and the high amount of risk they are exposed to in seeking office to run in races in which their party has a good chance of winning. Thus, the direct cause of the experienced challengers’ success is self-selection into winnable races. Empirical analysis supports the self-selection model over a model in which resources directly lead to success.

基于中医传承辅助系统分析王任之治疗中风后遗症用药经验

目的 应用中医传承辅助系统(V2.5)软件分析新安医家王任之治疗中风后遗症的用药经验。 方法 将收集整理的王任之治疗中风后遗症的处方,录入“中医传承辅助系统”,采用规则分析、改进互信息法等数据挖掘方法,分析其治疗中风的用药经验。 结果 王任之治疗中风后遗症常用的药物有黄芪、当归、干地龙、鸡血藤、红花、葛根、制豨莶草、炒怀牛膝等。常见的药物组合有：黄芪配伍当归、黄芪配伍干地龙、当归配伍干地龙、黄芪配伍当归和干地龙、鸡血藤配伍黄芪、红花配伍黄芪、红花配伍当归。 结论 王任之在鉴别诊断出血性中风和缺血性中风的基础上,首辨证候虚实,实证常用调气活血、熄风通络法,虚证则用益气活血和络法,多以益气活血、养血通络、补益肝肾药物组方。     

推进国家治理体系治理能力现代化的历史逻辑和时代价值

推进国家治理体系治理能力现代化是适应我国经济社会发展的客观要求,是对我国现代化理论的丰富和发展。要正确理解和把握国家治理体系与治理能力,深刻认识我国走向治理体系治理能力现代化的历史逻辑和推进国家治理体系治理能力现代化重大的意义。     

中国共产党百年外交实践的重大成就和历史经验

中国共产党在领导全国各族人民实现民族独立、国家富强、人民幸福的百年历程中,对外交往工作取得了一系列的重大成就和历史经验。一百年来,中国共产党对外交往工作经历了四个不同的历史阶段:新民主主义革命时期的探索和准备、社会主义革命和建设时期的联盟外交、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设新时期的和平外交、新时代中国特色大国外交。中国共产党百年外交的历史经验表明:党和国家的外交事业必须坚持中国共产党的领导;坚持以国家和人民利益为中心,牢记初心使命;坚持独立自主原则,反对外来干涉和霸权主义;准确把握时代特征和世界大势,高瞻远瞩,与时俱进。     

蝉遁与沉浮--张爱玲、萧红对于生命的两种解读

同样拥有孤独寂寞的人生,张爱玲和萧红的生命感悟却有所不同。出身没落大家庭的张爱玲品味到的是繁华不再的苍凉,她选择了遁世的人生方式;萧红感悟到的是生命的宿命般的苦难和苦难中的一丝温柔,所以,她一生都在生命的路途上艰难地寻觅。