个体工商户：中国市民社会的重要力量及价值

个体工商户作为中国社会的一个特殊经济群体，长期以来对中国经济发展做出了巨大的贡献，从个体工商户显性的经济作用到其潜在的精神气质，都可以毫不怀疑地说个体工商户是构建中国市民社会的一支重要力量。但近年，个体工商户的数量出现了下降趋势，这是经济发展的必然结果还是社会制度对这个群体照顾不周？对于个体工商户这样一个较为特殊的经济群体，法律应该如何对待？西方国家经济发展的实践证明，个体工商户或小商人并不是经济不发达的衍生品，也不是经济发达的淘汰品，中国市场经济的发展仍然需要大量的个体工商户，法律应当为个体工商户的发展创造更加宽松的制度环境。     

户籍、户口、户政概念之辨析

户籍、户口、户政三个概念,是涉及户政学的基础概念。长期以来,实务界乃至理论界对这三个概念分辨不清,混同、混用现象极为普遍。本文从词义角度、逻辑学的角度、历史观的角度对户籍、户口、户政三个概念进行了辨析。     

保姆行业的现状、发展方向及其立法思考

当今,随着社会结构、家庭结构的转型及生活节奏的加快,保姆越来越成为许多城市家庭的必需。家庭服务业发展的整体滞后使得家庭服务面临诸多危机,保姆行业自然不能例外。透析保姆行业的现状,可以发现保姆行业的出路在于保姆行业的产业化。要从根本上解决问题,必须借助立法促成保姆行业的产业化。     

Household composition and family structures of Ukrainian Cossacks in the second half of the eighteenth century

One of the main problems faced by social historians of the Cossack Hetmanate (Cossacks' autonomous territory situated on the Left Bank of the Dnieper River) is a poor knowledge of population issues. This article therefore focuses on the history of the family and households in eighteenth-century Ukraine. Unlike the historiography of Western Europe, where active research in this field started in the 1960s, contemporary Ukrainian historiography includes only a few studies dedicated to these issues. Recently renewed interest in population issues is due to the widening scope of historical research and to changes in the methodological paradigm that started in the twenty-first century. Historical research of the Ukrainian family and population is thus in its infancy and reconsidering these aspects is crucial for a global scholarship.     

产业集群形成模式探析——以青岛电子家电业为例

文章以青岛市电子家电业的发展为例,就产业集群形成模式及其原因和条件进行了分析探讨.产业集群形成一般有三种模式,即市场创造模式,外商直接投资形成模式和内源型品牌企业带动模式.政府在内源型名牌企业带动产业集群模式形成中,可以发挥重要的推动和创造公平竞争环境的作用;企业正确的战略选择则是产业集群形成的关键和决定性因素.     

“农户”内部法律关系解析

《民法通则》将“农户”确定为独立的民事主体 ,十几年后的《农村土地承包法》又规定农村土地承包经营以“农户”为主体。这些规定均以“农户”的经济属性 (生产经营单位 )和社会属性 (保障功能 )为基点 ,从而在法律制度设计上 ,强化“农户”权利的整体性 ,忽视、乃至吞噬家庭成员个人权利的独立性 ,致使《农村土地承包法》陷入诸多难解的矛盾中。只有正确界定“农户”内部法律关系才能消解这些矛盾。     

市场竞争中的弱势群体与经济学

中国经济学向何处去是本文的中心议题。文章认为,中国经济学是反映中国经济建设和经济改革实践并为之服务的知识体系,既要开展“国民财富的性质和原因的研究”,又要开展“国民财富的增长和办法的研究”;所以,历史上的这两项研究成果,中国经济学都必须批判地继承和发展;任务的特殊性,决定中国经济学的研究对象既不能定位于生产关系,又不能定位于生产力,应当定位于市场的活动主体:研究对象是家庭、企业的生产和交换活动过程及其条件;研究对象的综合性,又要求研究方法的多样性。中国经济学要想不辱使命,必须从市场竞争中的弱势群体的立场上出发,因为这既是经济科学的优良传统,又是中国全面建设小康社会的着力点。     

The Jews of early modern Marburg, 1640s—1800: A case study in family and household organization

This article examines Jewish household and family organization in a middle-sized German city, the Upper Hessian regional center of Marburg, the population of which ranged from 2500 to 6000 from the Thirty Years War to the end of the 18th century. Some general hypotheses about population development, household structure, and family life conveniently summarized by Toch [Toch, M. (1995). Aspects of stratification in early modern German Jewry: Population history and village Jews. In R. P. Hsia & H. Lehmann (Eds.). In and out of the ghetto: Jewish-Gentile relations in late medieval and early modern Germany (pp. 77-89). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] serve as an organizational frame for the case study. In Toch's view, Jews' comparative wealth, as well as governmental restrictions on their settlement and marriage in central Europe, led to their having larger and more complex households than those of the Christian majority. While household enumerations over time confirm several of Toch's observations, especially the larger size of Jewish families, neither Hessian settlement policy nor local Marburg opposition prevented the Jewish minority of about 1% from keeping pace with general population growth. Moreover, Jews did not respond to their regulated living conditions and status as cultural outsiders with a family organization exhibiting remarkably more internal complexity than did Christian households.     

户籍制度改革并非解决农民工问题的当务之急

中国农民工已有2亿,农民工问题已成为当今中国的一个重要问题。在如何认识和解决农民工问题上,不少学者认为解决农民工问题的关键是改革户籍制度。其实,解决农民工问题的关键并不在户籍制度改革,当务之急是如何保障农民工的现实权益。