家务劳动再分配的政策探索——日本“高龄女性贫困”问题的反思

进入深度老龄化社会的日本,"高龄女性贫困"的倾向日渐凸显。究其政策原因,在于长期以来优先对经济发展投资,将育儿养老等再生产领域的社会支出压缩到最低限度。由此形成的男性参与社会经济活动从事有酬劳动、女性承担再生产领域的家务劳动从事无酬劳动的格局,虽然使日本创造了快速经济发展的奇迹,但其代价是牺牲了一代女性参与政治、经济、社会活动的权利与机遇,并引发了当前的"高龄女性贫困"问题。近年来,日本注重探索家务劳动再分配政策路径,通过推进男女机会平等政策改革,提高家庭福利水平,改善女性劳动环境,防止"高龄女性贫困"问题继续蔓延。     

The effect of household corrosive substances on latent fingermark development in the context of deliberate corrosive substance attacks

Corrosive substance attacks (CSA) are a prevalent issue in the UK with 525 offenses involving a corrosive substance reported to the police in the year ending March 2022. Easy availability, low cost, and concealability in public are common reasons for choosing a corrosive substance as a weapon. The Metropolitan Police revealed that 68% of 1849 CSA cases resulted in no suspect identified or evidential difficulties. There is limited research into the effect of corrosive substances on latent fingermarks. This study aimed to determine the potential for fingermarks to be recovered from surfaces exposed to a household corrosive substance within the context of a deliberate CSA. Natural and sebaceous-loaded fingermarks were exposed to Domestos bleach, Harpic limescale remover (hydrochloric acid-based) and lemon juice. Harpic limescale remover had the most detrimental effect, with only 7.1% of fingermarks (n = 378) exposed being identifiable (defined as sufficient clear ridge detail for identification) after enhancement, followed by bleach with only 10.3% of fingermarks (n = 378) identifiable. Lemon juice had the least detrimental effect on fingermarks, with 40.5% fingermarks (n = 378) identifiable compared to 53.4% for the controls (not exposed to any substance; n = 378). Throughout the study, fewer natural fingermarks were identifiable after exposure to corrosive substances compared to sebaceous fingermarks which was as expected. Overall, this study demonstrated that there is potential to recover latent fingermarks, depending on their composition, following exposure to a household corrosive substance. This area warrants further research to establish best practice to maximize the potential to recover identifiable fingermarks.     

社区民警入户调查工作技巧

入户调查工作效果如何是社区民警综合素质体现之一。掌握入户调查工作方法对社区民警至关重要。对此,结合专业知识和入户调查实战经验,提出相应的入户调查工作技巧。     

Game Theoretical Study on the Population Regulation in Megacity Under the New Household Registration System——Based on the Case of Shanghai

The population regulation policy of Shanghai, intervened by policy, guided by the government with the characteristics of market optimization, has made certain progress in aspects including urban development and migrant population management. However, it shows deficiency in limit and efficiency under the old household registration system. Therefore, the new household registration system urgently requires a clear analysis framework for population regulation and the government should be clear about game in the social, political and economic aspects as well as the population problem demanding solution. It is argued that in this paper the government should focus on the population regulation ways in different periods, space and social strata to rebuild the population regulation strategy of Shanghai with the guiding principle of respecting the connotation of new household registration system.     

关于重庆转户政策的“张德元假说”及其他

＂张德元假说＂揭示了中国农村土地制度的不合理性,以及在现行制度下重庆转户政策可能带来的弊端。建议进行农村土地制度改革,以农地国有永佃制替代现行的农地集体所有制。     

户籍歧视下的平等就业权——以“户籍歧视第一案”为例

劳动权是宪法赋予公民的一项基本权利。平等就业权是保障人生存权利的一种体现,也是基本人权的一种。我国的法律体系中对于保障劳动者平等就业权的条文并不多,且对于违反平等就业权的行为也仅仅是以有限列举的形式加以规制,且缺乏相应的法律责任。户籍歧视这一被公众所熟知的行为并未在法律中明文规定。"国内户籍歧视第一案"再次将以户籍歧视为代表的就业歧视行为置于公众的视野下,也暴露了我国现有劳动法律的不足,法律的修改和完善刻不容缓。     

民法典视阈内宅基地使用权继承规则之构造

宅基地使用权应当被构造为可供继承之财产。宅基地使用权主体并非农户,而是作为自然人的农村居民。宅基地使用权既可为户主单独所有,亦可为户内全体家庭成员或者部分家庭成员共有。宅基地使用权人的继承人可以继承宅基地使用权或者宅基地使用权的权利份额。不过,根据《土地管理法》第62条所规定之"一户一宅"原则,继承人不得通过继承取得两项及以上宅基地使用权,亦不可借由宅基地使用权份额之继承而使其宅基地使用权所占用的宅基地面积超过省、自治区、直辖市规定的标准。继承人可以继承宅基地上房屋的所有权,但不能继承宅基地使用权,或者继承宅基地上房屋所有权后占用的宅基地面积超过省、自治区、直辖市规定标准的,继承人以宅基地上房屋所占用的宅基地或者超过标准部分的宅基地为限取得宅基地法定地上权,或曰宅基地法定建设用地使用权,但对集体土地所有权人负有给付适量土地使用金的法定债务。     

机动车交易中的物权变动

机动车交易中涉及的所有权何时变动,在我国司法实践中历来认为以办理过户手续为准。这种 认识是不合适的,因为这种认识不符合世界上通行的物权变动制度,也不符合机动车的动产特 性。世界上通行的物权变动制度是动产以交付为准、不动产以登记为准,我们也应确立这样的物 权变动制度。     

农户法律主体地位的历史探源和规范思考

在中国的民事法律制度中,农村承包经营户是非常富有中国特色的民事法律主体,这种中国特色既源于几千年中国独特的历史背景,同时也源于当代中国独特的经济制度。对个体农户的历史背景进行探讨并进行规范分析,充分证明应该将农户纳入民事主体法律制度的框架之中,避免将其视为自然人从事民事活动的一种特殊形式,这对中国民事法律主体制度的构建具有特殊的意义。     

黑龙江省对俄家电出口策略分析

黑龙江省作为我国与俄罗斯拥有最长共同边界的省份,有史以来就是我国与俄罗斯进行经济贸易往来的主要平台。由于俄罗斯轻工业基础薄弱,俄罗斯国内对高档家电的需求只能依靠进口满足。我国家电产品无论从生产数量和质量均属国际先进水平,但由于国内市场趋于饱和,家电出口显得尤为重要。黑龙江省应积极运用自身对俄贸易优势,成为对俄家电产品出口的大平台,进而使产业结构顺利升级。