Post-capitalist property

When writing about property and property rights in his imagined post-capitalist society of the future, Marx seemed to envisage ‘individual property’ co-existing with ‘socialized property’ in the means of production. As the social and political consequences of faltering growth and increasing inequality, debt and insecurity gradually manifest themselves, and with automation and artificial intelligence lurking in the wings, the future of capitalism, at least in its current form, looks increasingly uncertain. With this, the question of what property and property rights might look like in the future, in a potentially post-capitalist society, is becoming ever more pertinent. Is the choice simply between private property and markets, and public (state-owned) property and planning? Or can individual and social property in the (same) means of production co-exist, as Marx suggested? This paper explores ways in which they might, through an examination of the Chinese household responsibility system (HRS) and the ‘fuzzy’ and seemingly confusing regime of land ownership that it instituted. It examines the HRS against the backdrop of Marx’s ideas about property and subsequent (post-Marx) theorizing about the legal nature of property in which property has come widely to be conceptualized not as a single, unitary ‘ownership’ right to a thing (or, indeed, as the thing itself) but as a ‘bundle of rights’. The bundle-of-rights idea of property, it suggests, enables us to see not only that ‘individual’ and ‘socialized’ property’ in the (same) means of production might indeed co-exist, but that the range of institutional possibility is far greater than that between capitalism and socialism/communism as traditionally conceived.     

Will blockchain emerge as a tool to break the poverty chain in the Global South?

Just like its recent predecessors, blockchain – also known as the distributed ledger technology – is considered to have the potential to cause major economic, political and social transformations in the Global South. The visible effects of this technology are already being noted there. We present early evidence linking the use of blockchain in overcoming some economic, social and political challenges facing the Global South. The article highlights the key applications and uses of blockchain in developing countries. It demonstrates how blockchain can help promote transparency, build trust and reputation, and enhance efficiency in transactions. The article looks at opportunities and key triggers for blockchain diffusion in these countries. It also delves into challenges and obstacles that developing economies are likely to encounter in the use of blockchain.     

日本家庭在循环经济发展中的经验和做法及对我国的启示

家庭作为消费领域的基本单元,对循环经济发展起到重要促进作用。日本是最早发展循环经济的国家之一,其家庭促进循环经济发展的成功经验值得中国借鉴。由此得到启示,我国应重视家庭这一循环经济发展的切入点,提高公众对循环经济的认知度、重视女性在循环经济实践中的地位、完善城市生活垃圾回收体系、加强家庭环境教育、深化"绿色住宅"理念,促进循环经济的深入发展。     

Asset Ownership and Future Orientation of Youth and Their Parents: Evidence From Ghana

Although future orientation influences a variety of desirable behaviors, few studies have examined the relationship between economic resources and future orientation. In this study, we investigated whether and how asset ownership influences future orientation. We analyzed survey data collected from 3,007 Ghanaian youth and their parents. We used factor analysis to determine the psychometric qualities of our instruments, and propensity score analysis to examine the relationship between asset ownership and future orientation. Results suggest that asset ownership influences future orientation of youth and their parents. However, the direction of the relationship depends on the type of asset. Ownership of household possessions, including televisions contributes to higher levels of future orientation, but livestock ownership has a negative effect on future orientation. We discuss implications for future research, as well as programs for youth and their families.     

户籍制度改革的几点思考

当前,我国的户籍制度改革已经进入了重要阶段,我国的户籍改革制度将走向何方,一直是人们所关注的。随着改革开放的深入发展,我国目前的户籍制度与我国市场经济的不适应性已凸显。     

债权让与中的优先规则与债务人保护

法国法系和德国法系在让与通知效力方面的主要差别,在于是否将通知作为债权让与对抗债务人之外的第三人的要件。确定被让与债权之归属的优先规则,包括合同成立主义、通知主义和登记注册主义,我国民法在解释上应当采纳通知主义。债务人可以向哪一方当事人进行有效的清偿与优先规则确定的债权归属并非完全一致。如果在让与通知之前债务人已经知悉债权的让与,债务人与出让人之间消灭债权的行为不能对抗受让人。表见让与适用于由出让人做出让与通知的情形,在受让人通知的情形,对表见让与的适用应当有特别的限制。债务人有权不主张表见让与而拒绝向表见受让人清偿或请求返还清偿。     

Personal Criminal Victimization in the United States: Fixed and Random Effects of Individual and Household Characteristics

The present research is concerned with multilevel modeling of personalvictimization rates. Data from the 1994 National Crime Victimization Surveyare employed. Following the routine activities and lifestyle victimizationtheory, individuals' profile and lifestyle as well as characteristics oftheir household comprise the set of explanatory variables. The results ofestimated multilevel negative binomial models, which explicitly disentanglethe unexplained heterogeneity between individuals and between households,are discussed. The estimated random effects of household characteristicsshow that the unexplained heterogeneity for the average number of personalcrimes differs across household types. Further, the individual covariateswith between households random effects become less influential the more thebase personal crime rates are high.     

农户承包集体土地合同上的财产关系

关于集体土地的各种问题是法学界长期热议的问题,其中农户承包集体土地合同是一种新型合同,民法需要解决的是该种合同的性质和依据这种合同取得的财产权的性质,以及依据性质定位建立健全对其保护的机制与具体制度。从历史演进的角度厘清农户承包集体土地合同的基本法律关系,进而对这种合同以及依据合同所取得的财产权的性质以及财产权的主体关系进行分析和整理,并在此基础上探寻这种合同制度整体适用的统一原则和规范,是解决问题的关键。     

从制度变迁视角审视新中国工业化进程中的农业发展历程

我国农村体制的发展历程大体上可以分为两个主要阶段:一是人民公社体制时期;二是家庭承包责任制时期。将这一发展历程置于工业化的背景下运用新制度主义经济学的方法分析,可见人民公社体制的建立不是着眼于如何提高农业的生产效率,而是为了最大限度地汲取农业剩余资源;人民公社体制为家庭承包责任制所取代,但没有改变“工占农利”的局面。进入新世纪,我国农村体制发生了一系列重大变化,这似乎昭示着工业反哺农业时代的到来。     

Rising Inequality in Mexico: Household Characteristics and Regional Effects

We use an empirical framework to identify the contributions of microeconomic factors to the sharp rise in household (per capita) income inequality in Mexico between 1984 and 1994. Results indicate that changes in returns to household characteristics, in particular changes in returns to education, are responsible for about half of the increase in the Gini coefficient. The deteriorating conditions in rural areas relative to the urban areas and of the southern region relative to other regions account for another fourth of the increase in the Gini.