Acute and Everyday Violence in Sri Lanka

Police torture in Sri Lanka has been subject to extensive investigation and condemnation but remains a widespread and seemingly entrenched practice. Seeking to understand the resistance of such practices to existing interventions, this article locates the police’s use of torture within a broader geography of social violence in Sri Lanka. We discuss the findings of extensive fieldwork conducted in the north-west of Sri Lanka where we examined not only police behaviour and interactions between police and the broader community but also the social dynamics relationships more generally. One significant finding was that violence against certain types of people, including police use of torture against such people, is generally accepted, even as the police are broadly criticised in the community for their unethical and ineffective behaviour. Another significant finding was that the society is riven with social hierarchies and that patterns of domination are embedded in social, political and symbolic systems. We conclude that police torture needs to be understood against the background of broader cultural practices whereby social subjects are disciplined and policed to produce appropriate citizens and punish social boundary violations.     

环境权力与权利的重构——论民法与环境法的沟通和协调

市场经济的中国需要符合市场机制的环境法 ,环境权力与环境权利的重构因此而获得了理论与现实的意义 ,环境保护需要政府与市场的共同作用 ,需要将国家环境权力与公民环境权利相结合的环境法律制度 ,需要民法与环境法的沟通和协调     

The More the Merrier? Hungarian and Romany Minorities in Slovakia

This article discusses some important aspects of thetreatment of minorities in the Republic of Slovakia.It discusses the 1992 Constitution and subsequentdevelopments such as the State language law 1995, therestriction of political rights of Hungarians,educational policies, the setback of EU entry talks,the September 1998 general elections, the Dzurindagovernment's ``De-Meciarization', the 1999 MinorityLanguage Law, and recent electoral legislation. Thespecial condition of the Romany is considered. Theeffectiveness of international mechanisms for theprotection of minority rights (the Organisation forSecurity and Cooperation in Europe, the InternationalCovenant for Civil and Political Rights, the EuropeanConvention of Human Rights, the Framework Conventionfor the Protection of National Minorities) isassessed, as is the involvement of the EU. Finally,the role of the judiciary is reflected upon.     

劳动者发展型利益保护论析

劳动者的发展型利益是相对于生存型利益而言的,涵盖了更高工资、更好劳动保护、更多培训机会、 合理工作时间、体面劳动等方面。本研究在对发展型利益及相关概念进行辨析的基础上,分析劳动权中的生存 意涵和发展意涵,提出构建劳动者发展型利益保护的立法原则设想。研究认为：发展型利益是劳动者实现自身 权益和全面发展的正当要求;应充分发挥劳动法对劳动权的保障作用,区分生存本位的劳动权和发展本位的劳 动权,积极实现劳动者的发展型利益。研究建议,应从四个方面重构劳动立法的原则：从资本优位到劳动优位, 从应有权利到法定权利,从割裂权利到整体权利,从促进就业到促进发展,从而更好地体现社会主义劳动法的 立法本意。     

《民法典》时代的劳动者私生活安宁权：确立与实现

劳动者私生活安宁权的生成，既得益于《民法典》的颁行，又源于网络化时代劳动者私生活安 宁权益保护的迫切需求。从权利性质上看，劳动者私生活安宁权兼具自由权和社会权双重属性。然而，在当下 其权利实现却面临诸多困难，表现为与雇主监督管理权的矛盾及冲突，《民法典》隐私权保护框架的不周延性 以及劳动法保护规范的滞后性。研究建议，就劳动者私生活安宁权的实现路径来看，一是要对《民法典》的保 护路径予以细化和调整，二是要在劳动法中创制新的制度与规则对劳动者进行特别保护。与此同时，应遵循 “两 步走”策略，以协调《民法典》保护与劳动法保护之关系，从而充分实现劳动者的私生活安宁权益。     

论地役权的适用范围

目前国内学者将地役权适用范围界定为不动产利用之调和。但笔者在对罗马法以及各国立法实证考察的基础上认为 ,地役权适用范围绝不仅限于此 ,而可依当事人的目的调整各种物之利用形式 ,并提出若干实例。     

Secular spaces and religious representations: reading the headscarf debate in Turkey as citizenship politics

Although in recent years there has been a relaxing attitude in Turkey towards wearing headscarf in the public sphere, the controversy surrounding the visibility and use of the headscarf has often been read through modernity/tradition dichotomy which sees the use of headscarf by women as a threat to modernity by religious subjectivities. The principal reason for this reading is that the citizenship regime in Turkey has not been simply about defining a framework of membership to a political community but rather has been used to construct modern subjectivity. This article attempts to dislocate the headscarf controversy from this dichotomous reading by moving it into the larger framework of citizenship politics. It argues that instead of interpreting the growing visibility of the headscarf within the public sphere that pits modernity against tradition, we need instead to identify the wearing of the headscarf as a specific ‘act of citizenship’ that challenges dominant citizenship practices.     

论土地经营权行使中的“承包方同意”规则

《农村土地承包法》第43条、第46条和第47条分别规定了“投资改良土壤”“再流转”和“融资担保”情形下土地经营权人须征得土地承包经营权人同意的“承包方同意”规则。法理逻辑上,“承包方同意”规则乃是平衡与协调农地保障功能与市场功能冲突的法技术,亦是土地承包经营权“管理权能”的行使方式之一。规范属性上,其既非效力性强制性规范,违之亦不构成无权处分,而属于私权限制性规范,目的在于不同私权利益关系对抗和竞争下对土地承包经营权人权益的优先保护。司法适用上,应区分投资改良行为与再流转两类不同情形,对于违反“承包方同意”规则的行为,承包方可通过自主意志选择有利于自己的后果或在对抗力层面获得优先保护。     

论中介－－兼论其对于人类活动的不可或缺性

处于主客体之间并且不断体现和延伸主体需要的中介,是一种相对独立的形态。中介形式作为人影响世界的物质手段、精神手段,作为人感知世界的桥梁,在人类活动中占有着十分重要的地位。在意识的产生和发展中,在人类对各种价值的理解、阐释以及创造性的活动和社会信息的传播过程中,各种中介形式的出现,表明着人类能动性的增长,表明着社会明的进步,并且也体现着一种人类活动要遵从于自然法规的必然性。在社会实践中,人类借助中介来探索和把握世界,同时,人类对中介领域的探索更是无止境的。     

紧急状态对西方法治的挑战及其理论反思

运用紧急权应对紧急状态已经成为一个日益棘手的问题。西方的法治与紧急状态是矛盾的。我国的法治及其民主建设应该从西方法治与紧急状态之间的矛盾汲取有益的经验和教训。