Mother–infant separations in prison. A systematic attachment-focused policy review

Abstract

Mothers in prison separated from their young children are an overlooked group. Attachment theory could provide a useful model to underpin interventions and better support women affected by separation from their infants. Current policy draws on a limited body of evidence and research has developed considerably since its first design. This review systematically searched all relevant UK prison policy and government documents with regards to mother and child separation in prison and analysed the extent to which these documents draw on attachment theory. Following initial searches, 58 documents were thematically analysed. Attachment was implicitly referred to in most documents but only explicitly mentioned in four. Global themes identified included ‘separation as trauma’. However, document groups varied in focusing either on the mother or the child and there were no joint perspectives. Developing and researching specific attachment-informed interventions might be one way forward as would further attachment-based research in this area.     

THE WAY WALKED WITH CHILDREN: MEDICAL TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION

Due to obstacles in expression and communication, as well as a societal lack of humanitarian spirit and deficiencies in system design, children with intellectual disabilities are confronted with various problems when seeking medical treatment. The dilemma of medical treatment seriously restricts the survival and development of disabled groups. By reviewing the way in which a mother accompanied her disabled child for 28 years together, this article analyzed the reasons for the dilemmas of medical treatment, and appealed to improve the living conditions of persons with intellectual disabilities to guarantee their rights for rehabilitation. In addition, by introducing the recreational and sports activities that parents’ spontaneous organization created for children with intellectual disabilities, it put forward the proposal to prevent in advance the possible deterioration of conditions caused by social isolation, which is definitely a preferable remedy for persons with disabilities.     

论受教育权的可诉性及其程度

受教育权的可诉性及其程度受到两个层次的理论和实践的深刻影响,一是国际法关于自由权和社会权的划分,二是国内法关于宪法权利和法律权利的区分。受教育权作为宪法权利,在自由权层面及形式平等方面具有直接的法律效力,具有可诉性;但在社会权层面,只有义务教育阶段的入学升学权和免费就学权具有可诉性。受教育权作为法律权利,其可诉性程度大大提高。平等主体之间的受教育权纠纷可由双方提起民事诉讼予以解决;但行政相对人向行政主体提起的行政诉讼则同样受到被侵害的受教育权性质的影响。     

论他物权的设定

我国物权法理论主要是以所有权为中心展开对物权变动的讨论,而忽视了他物权设定的特殊性。他物权的设定与所有权的移转存在着诸多区别,原则上他物权应通过物权设定的合同加公示方法才能设定。不动产他物权设定的模式一般应采取登记要件主义。     

罪刑法定与刑法机能之关系

社会保护机能与人权保障机能的统一是刑法的整体价值目标,而不是刑法某一个构成要素的价值目标。认为相对罪刑法定原则具有人权保障和社会保护双重机能的观点,实际上是混淆了刑法的机能与罪刑法定原则的机能,错把刑法的整体机能当成了其构成要素的机能。罪刑法定原则虽然应当服务于刑法的整体价值目标,但是,它却不应该、也不可能直接承载社会保护的价值内容。我国《刑法》第3条从正反两个方面规定罪刑法定原则,将社会保护的内容附加给罪刑法定原则,在一定程度上消解了这一原则的社会法律意义,不利于现代刑法观念的培植。     

破产撤销权的制度设计

破产撤销权作为一种保护破产宣告之前债权人利益的制度,设定的目的在于保护全体债权人的整体利益,对于任何损害债权人整体利益的个别清偿行为或减少破产财产的行为予以撤销,以期实现破产法许可债权人公平合理的分配债务人破产财产的基本宗旨。破产撤销权制度设立的理论基础为具体制度的构建提供了合理性标准,为具体制度的实施提供了有力保障。     

人权三论

人权到底属于什么性质的权利,应当在人权的自然属性与社会属性上分别之,在自然属性上它是事实权利,在社会性上它才是道德权利。作为人权概念基础的问题是政府对待其公民的道德态度问题,把政府对待人权的方式表达为人权对政府义务上的束缚与限制,人类对人权的渴求和理想转化为政府具体的道德义务行动,这有利于推动人权的现实化和可操作性。从人权的自然性与社会性上来评价,人权对主体的人的价值主要体现在:权利信仰价值与促进民主宪政的成长价值。     

国家课税权的法律解析

国家课税意味着以国家为主体无偿地“剥夺”国民财产,为保证国家课税权和国民基本财产权之间的协调与配合,对其进行宪法控制或规范极其必要。只有获得了宪法上认可与支持的课税权才是合法的。在对国家课税权探源的基础上,提出了课税合法化的路径———税收立宪,强调国家课税权的权力与权利的双重性质,并探讨了对国家课税权的制约和保障。     

司法现代化进程中的法律职业伦理

在某种程度上 ,法律职业群体的伦理素质状况决定着司法现代化的成败 ,进而决定着司法改革的成败 ,甚至决定着法治国家宏伟目标的实现程度。法律职业群体伦理的现代化是司法现代化的先导 ,是权力制约机制的必然要求 ,是防治司法腐败 ,重塑司法权威的现实需要。就当前中国的司法现状而言 ,司法现代化进程中的法律职业伦理建设应特别注重以下内容 :关注人性 ;崇尚正义 ;忠于法律 ;珍视荣誉。     

关于《邮政法》修改若干问题的探讨

随着国内各项改革的深化及法制环境的变化,《邮政法》的修改问题日益受到社会各界的关注。就邮政法的效力与适用、普遍服务与补偿机制、邮政专营与垄断等问题进行深入分析,并提出自己的观点和一些建议。