刑满释放人员就业歧视问题探究

刑满释放人员因受就业歧视、失业而再犯的问题越来越多,理应受到我们的关注。对刑满释放人员的就业歧视的原因在哪,是否具有合理性？文章从反就业歧视一般原理及刑罚理论论证其不合理性,并分析刑满释放人员就业权平等保护的意义。最后提出应从营造平等保护制度环境、强化歧视法律责任和实施积极行动等方面来保障刑满释放人员的平等就业权。     

工会充分履行维护劳动者合法权益神圣职责感悟

充分履行维护劳动者合法权益的神圣职责,已成为工会实现党联系职工群众的桥梁纽带作用、更好巩固党执政的阶级基础和群众基础之关键。建立健全保障、激励、督导工会干部切实维权的完备机制,强化工会有效平衡劳资利益、依法阻抗侵权行为的制约手段,是工会充分履行维护劳动者合法权益神圣职责的当务之急。     

侵权行为法对权利与利益保护的比较法分析

侵权行为法是民法的重要组成部分,是保护民事主体民事权益,制裁民事违法行为,推动文明进步和社会发展的重要法律武器。“传统上侵权行为法的保护客体仅为绝对权。现今已扩张至将相对权以及权利外利益包括在内。虽在保护客体上主要国家取得了一致,但在对权利与利益的保护程度上,世界范围内却有两种相对的立法例：差别保护立法例与平等保护立法例,从侵权行为法中的价值衡量出发。对比两种立法例可知平等保护立法例较之差别保护立法例更为可取。     

论警察人权的保障

警察作为一个特殊的社会群体,其人权状况不容乐观。警察执行公务过程中的人权受损现象未有改观,警察人权潜在的受损状况日益突出。构建和谐社会必须高度重视警察人权保障工作。保障警察人权的核心是树立＂以警为本＂的全新理念,以此为指导创新警察人权保障机制,建立专门的警察人权监督保障组织,建立健全法律法规和相关制度,加强舆论宣传,提高警察的自我维权意识。     

论刑事被害人权利保护与救济

从国际社会人权保障的视角,剖析和检讨我国现行刑事被害人权利保护与救济现状及其局限,以社会主义法治理念为指导,从刑事程序法和刑事实体法一体化的立场,探讨如何从诉讼程序保障、赔偿责任范围确定、实体法律体系构建三个方面,建立适合中国国情的刑事被害人立法、司法与社会支援相结合的法律救济体系。     

第十八届国际艾滋病大会综述

第十八届国际艾滋病会议于2010年7月在维也纳召开。会议主要讨论了同性恋、性工作和吸毒非罪化问题及关于艾滋病强制检测、艾滋病隐私和艾滋病传播犯罪问题。此外,有可能开发成功降低艾滋病感染风险的药物和有效预防艾滋病的疫苗。中国代表团参加会议并介绍了我国艾滋病防治的情况。     

Cyberspace,simulation, artificial intelligence,affectionate machines and being human

Abstract

This article focuses on the question whether the technologically enabled advent of ‘virtual reality’ or ‘cyberspace’ has a significant impact on human experience of the world. Gilbert Germain's work on Virilio and Baudrillard gives greater insight in this regard, specifically regarding cyberspace as the new ‘frontier’, and focuses on the alienating effects of cyberspace regarding the human life-world. Turkle's recent work regarding robotics similarly points to a fundamental shift in human attitudes towards ‘embodied’ artificial intelligence, especially concerning its capacity for affectivity, which further marks a turning away from the complexity of human relationships in favour of supposedly uncomplicated ‘machine relationships’. Derrida enables one to better understand the changing relation between humans and machines in terms of the reconfiguration of human subjectivity. Together with Turkle's work in this domain, it points to a surprising ‘reconfiguration’ of conceptions regarding being human. Finally, Feenberg's retrospective on the fraught relations between humans and technology, as reflected in various fictional and theoretical works, as well as social developments, provides a suitable conclusion, given his affirmative remarks on the prospects of human autonomy in relation to the Internet.     

Democracy,human rights,and U.S.‐Africa trade

The nexus of economic and political relations is a central issue in international relations, and the influence of political liberalization upon trade ties lies at the center of much liberal theory. However, many facets of the empirical linkage between political liberalization—including democratization and the respect for human rights—and trade remain uninvestigated. Examining the case of U.S.‐Africa trade, this study considers two unexplored facets of these political determinants of trade: (1) the role of human rights conditions, and (2) the robustness of the relationship between democracy, human rights, and trade across a subset of vertical dyads. Using a gravity model to assess trade patterns, we find that neither democracy nor human rights conditions has a significant impact upon U.S. trade to Africa.     

Impact of human rights on U.S. foreign assistance to Latin America

Building upon the contributions of previous studies of U.S. foreign aid, this study examines the relationship between human rights and U.S. foreign assistance. Concentrating on the years 1979–1985, the impact of human rights conditions on both economic and military aid allocations to Latin America is analyzed. The results of this analysis indicate that though other factors have a significant effect upon aid allocation, human rights are an important factor in determining the allocation of both U.S. economic assistance and U.S. military assistance. The findings suggest that those countries with better human rights conditions are likely to receive more U.S. aid than others.     

Cascading Bias of Initial Exposure to Information at the Crime Scene to the Subsequent Evaluation of Skeletal Remains,

Thirty‐eight participants took part in a study that investigated the potential cascading effects of initial exposure to extraneous context upon subsequent decision‐making. Participants investigated a mock crime scene, which included the excavation of clandestine burials that had a male skeletal cast dressed either in female or gender neutral clothing. This was followed by a forensic anthropological assessment of the skeletal remains, with a control group assessing the same male skeletal cast without any clothing context. The results indicated that the sex assessment was highly dependent upon the context in which participants were exposed to prior to the analysis. This was especially noticeable in the female clothing context where only one participant determined the male skeletal cast to be male. The results demonstrate the importance of understanding the role of context in forensic anthropology at an early stage of an investigation and its potential cascading effect on subsequent assessments.