地方保护主义对中央与地方关系格局的影响

中国改革开放以来地方保护主义产生的原因主要有 :地方分权 ;扭曲的市场和价格体系造成的市场割据 ;不公平竞争强化了“诸侯经济”。对此 ,中央政府采取了一些必要的应对措施 ,如实行分税制 ,推行全方位发展战略等。经济的高速发展离不开地方政府积极的经济行为 ,关键是如何强化这种正面影响 ,削弱负面影响。问题的解决最终要靠制度改革。     

浅谈国际代理的法律适用

随着国际贸易的迅速发展 ,跨国公司的大量涌现 ,国际代理在国际商事领域的地位日趋重要。本文试从代理内部关系和外部关系的角度来探讨国际代理的法律适用问题。     

公共政策中的集团决策模型及在我国的适应性

如何制定出科学有效的、反映各方面利益并为社会所普遍认同的公共政策,是所有现代政府所面临的基本问题以及获得政治合法性的关键所在。通过描述社会政治现象,分析政府行为,探讨集团决策模型的起源、基本内容、主要缺陷及其在我国现实政治中的发展等问题,建立起公共政策决策中的集团决策模型的基本理念和分析框架,可为我国公共政策决策的科学化和民主化提供有益的思路。     

Factors Contributing to Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms: A Test of Three Developmental Models

In a longitudinal study on 115 early adolescents, the impact of major events, relationship stressors, and coping style in interaction with biological changes on depressive outcome in late adolescence were explored. Three developmental models proposed by Nolen-Hoeksema and Girgus (1994, Psychol. Bull. 115: 424–433), which attempt to explain the emergence of gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms, were tested. Multiple regression analyses conducted to test Model 1 identified two etiological factors associated with gender differences of depression, namely, stress in the adolescent–mother relationship and a more negative body image. Tests of Model 2 revealed etiological factors which correlated with depression in adolescent girls but not adolescent boys. The correlational patterns of avoidant coping and body image emerged as relevant factors for Model 2. Finally, tests of Model 3 searched for factors which were more likely to be observed in adolescent girls than boys and which would put girls at risk should they interact with a third etiological factor. Early maturational timing emerged as a factor for Model 3.     

The Same Old Song?—Stability and Change in Relationship Schemas from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

Relationship schemas are core elements of personality that guide interpersonal functioning. The aim of this study is to examine stability and change in relationship schemas across two developmental epochs—adolescence and young adulthood—in the stories that people tell about their interactions with others. Using the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme Method, relationship themes were coded from semistructured interviews conducted in adolescence and again at age 25. The sample consisted of 40 participants in a longitudinal study of adolescent and young adult psychological development. There was considerable stability in the frequency with which particular themes were expressed in the narratives of adolescents and young adults. Significant changes from adolescence to young adulthood included a decrease in the perception of others as rejecting and of the self as opposing others. Young adults saw themselves and others more positively, and used a broader repertoire of themes in their relationship narratives than they had as adolescents. The basic continuity and particular changes in relationship schemas found in this study are consistent with knowledge about the adolescent-to-young-adult transition derived from other empirical and clinical findings. Relationship schemas may be rich units of study for learning about the development of interpersonal functioning.     

谨慎地看待法律职业化

法律职业化是国家法治化的内在要求。从历史考察和理性分析的视角来看 ,现代社会中的法律职业阶层首先是一个利益集团 ,其次才是一种“职业” ,是一个知识、思维方式和信仰共享的共同体。因此 ,在我们积极主张和推动法律职业化发展的同时 ,也应当看到职业集团与生具有的利己本能 ,在法律职业阶层同样根深蒂固。如果没有社会不同分工的普遍职业化以及法律职业本身对集团利益的超越 ,我们就有理由对法律职业化持一种谨慎的态度。     

刑法因果关系研究

因果关系是指行为与结果之间决定与被决定、引起与被引起之间的关系。在刑法中,将某一结果归咎于某人的时候,往往需要查明其行为与结果之间是否存在刑法上的因果关系。因此,因果关系在定罪中具有重要意义。但并不意味着可以过分夸大因果关系在犯罪构成中的地位。此外,要正确认识刑法中的因果关系,应从事实上的因果关系与法律上的因果关系两方面进行考察,而不应纠缠在必然性与偶然性这样一些哲学问题上。     

二层次四要件犯罪构成论——兼议正当化行为的体系地位

以解决正当化行为在犯罪论体系中地位不定,及其与犯罪构成关系不明为突破口;以反映定罪过程、权力与权利的平衡以及对抗制的诉讼程序特点为价值立场;兼顾中国已有的理论与实务情况,主张在我国犯罪构成论的应有结构为两层次四要件犯罪构成结构.此即:第一层次,三个要件,依次为犯罪客观要件、犯罪主体要件和犯罪主观要件;第二层次为犯罪客体一个要件,其中,正当化行为等作为排除犯罪客体的事由在此纳入犯罪构成要件之中.无此事由,犯罪即告成立.     

利率市场化对辽宁金融业的影响及对策

利率市场化,以渐进的方式改革利率管理体制,是金融体制改革的重要任务,是建立符合经济规律的资金配制机制、解决长期以来资金效益低下问题、提高金融机构竞争力与效率的必由之路。随着利率市场化进程的深入,必将促进辽宁市场的金融创新、扩大与活跃,中小金融机构将面临竞争压力和风险。为实现辽宁金融业的蓬勃发展,提出几点对策建议。     

构建师生互动的英语教学和谐关系

当前,我国普通中学的不少学生厌学情绪严重,加之独生子女难以管理,学生的学习目标不够明确,缺乏信心与毅力,这样的学生更需要老师付出真诚与耐心,尤其是英语课程教学,在亲和的互动中构建师生教学的和谐关系,对于培养学生学习英语的兴趣,帮助学生树立自信自强的学习品质,显得格外重要。