基于聚类分析和主成分分析评价不同产地荆芥药材质量

目的 基于指纹图谱、聚类分析与主成分分析方法为不同产地荆芥药材质量控制提供参考。方法 利用高效液相色谱法对荆芥药材进行质量分析,所获数据用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统构建荆芥药材的指纹图谱,并应用SPSS 23.0统计软件进行聚类分析和主成分分析,综合评价不同产地荆芥药材的质量。色谱柱为 SinoChrom ODS -BP（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）;流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;检测波长：283 nm;流速：1.0 mL/min;柱温：30 ℃;进样量：20 μL。结果 荆芥药材高效液相色谱指纹图谱28个峰确定为共有峰,除河南鹿邑、四川自贡的样品相似度低于0.9外,其他的21批荆芥药材的相似度为0.930~0.982。聚类分析结果表明,荆芥药材可被分为亳州荆芥与四川、河南、河北等其他产地荆芥两大类。主成分分析结果表明,前6个主成分的累计贡献率达到88.247%,选择这6个因子可对不同产地荆芥药材进行综合分析。结论 根据最终的综合得分结果可知,安徽、河北产荆芥药材质量相对较好。     

液基细胞学技术对减少临床医疗纠纷的应用价值

目的探讨液基细胞学技术对于减少临床医疗纠纷的价值。方法对1531例样本分别用液基细胞学方法和传统巴氏涂片技术进行宫颈细胞学涂片制作,其中液基细胞学方法分别用新柏氏耗材和昂佰氏耗材;涂片根据TBS 2001标准进行诊断;细胞学诊断为LSIL以上病变(包括LSIL、HSIL、SCC和AC)者组织活检进行组织学诊断;应用SPSS11.0软件进行数据分析。结果液基细胞学方法同传统巴氏方法相比,在标本满意度、敏感度、特异度和准确性、假阴性率和误诊率等方面有显著统计学差异(P<0.05),新柏氏和昂佰氏获得结果之间无明显差异。结论液基细胞学技术可以有效提高宫颈癌普查的诊断水平,从而有效防止和减少医疗纠纷的发生;昂佰氏耗材可以替代新柏氏耗材进行液基细胞学检查。     

A case of fatal intoxication from metformin

A case of fatal intoxication from metformin is presented. The decedent was an obese 58-year-old-woman with type II diabetes, in whom severe lactic acidosis secondary to metformin accumulation was precipitated by acute renal failure. She had been on metformin 500 mg twice a day. Postmortem blood was deproteinated with acetonitrile, washed with dichloromethane, and the resulting supernatant injected into high-performance liquid chromatography system. Separation was performed on a analytical 125 x 4 mm i.d. RP-8 column. The wavelength was set at 235 nm. The mobile phase was acetonitrile (40%), sodium lauryl sulfate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate adjusted to pH 5.1 (60%) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The concentration of metformin in postmortem blood was 77.3 microg/mL. The qualitative result was also confirmed by LC/APCI/MS/MS analysis.     

Performance Testing of the New AMPAC Fire Debris Bag Against Three Other Commercial Fire Debris Bags(*)

Abstract: Fire debris evidence is collected and stored in a wide range of containers, including various polymer bags. Four different polymer bags have been investigated, including the NYLON, DUO, ALU, and AMPAC bags. The latter is the successor of the Kapak Fire DebrisPAK^?. Microscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used to elucidate the composition of the bags. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to investigate performance parameters such as background volatiles, leak rate, cross‐contamination, recovery, and sorption. The NYLON bag was susceptible for leakage and cross‐contamination and showed decreased recoveries. The DUO and ALU bags showed some background volatiles, sorption, and poor recoveries. The AMPAC bag performed excellent: low background, no leakage or cross‐contamination, good recoveries, and only traces of sorption. Heat sealing proved to be the best method of closure. Preliminary studies on AMPAC bags showed that polyethylene clamps are easy to use on‐site and preserve ignitable liquids adequately for a limited period of time.     

Identification of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal incense blends in the United States

Abstract: Synthetic cannabinoid agonists are chemically diverse with multiple analogs gaining popularity as drugs of abuse. We report on the use of thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry for the identification and quantitation of these pharmacologically active chemicals in street drug dosage forms. Using these approaches, we have identified the synthetic cannabinoids JWH‐018, JWH‐019, JWH‐073, JWH‐081, JWH‐200, JWH‐210, JWH‐250, CP47,497 (C=8) (cannabicyclohexanol), RCS‐4, RCS‐8, AM‐2201, and AM‐694 in various commercially available products. Other noncannabinoid drugs including mitragynine have also been detected. Typical concentrations of drug in the materials are in the range 5–20 mg/g, or 0.5–2% by weight for each compound, although many products contained more than one drug.     

A New Kind of Molotov? Gasoline–Pool Chlorinator Mixtures*

This paper investigates the reaction between pool chlorinators and gasoline. In particular, the propensity for self-ignition and the resulting chemical products were studied. An organic pool chlorinator was combined with gasoline in varying proportions in an attempt to form a hypergolic mixture. None of the combinations resulted in self-ignition, but larger quantities of chlorinator produced vigorous light-colored smoke and a solid mass containing isocyanuric acid and copper chloride. Additionally, the chlorinating abilities of different commercially available pool chlorinators were explored. When Ca(ClO)(2) and sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione-based chlorinators were used, the presence of gasoline was still visible after 10 days, despite limited chlorination. The trichloro-s-triazinetrione-based chlorinator, however, caused efficient chlorination of the C(2)- and C(3)-alkylbenzenes, making gasoline no longer identifiable.     

Detection of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites in porcine bones following extended outdoor decomposition

Skeletal remains of a domestic pig were assessed for relative distribution of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites. Following acute exposure and outdoor decomposition for 2 years, drugs and metabolites were analyzed in 13 different bones. Bones were pulverized following a simple wash procedure, and drugs were extracted by passive incubation in methanol, followed by solid-phase extraction. Samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and confirmed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Kruskall-Wallis test showed that bone type was a main effect with respect to drug level for all analytes, with levels varying from 33- to 166-fold. Ratios of levels of drug to that of the corresponding metabolite were less variable, varying roughly one- to eightfold. This suggests limitations in the interpretive value of drug measurements in bone and that relative levels of drug and metabolites should be further investigated in terms of forensic value.     

复方五仁醇胶囊主要含量质量控制的研究

目的:建立复方五仁醇胶囊中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1的RP-HPLC含量测定方法。方法:Lichrosphere C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m l/m in,柱温30℃,检测波长203 nm。结果:三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1及Rb1分别在0.216~1.080μg(r=0.999 5)、0.820~4.100μg(r=0.999 9)和0.816~4.080μg(r=0.999 5)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为97.38%、96.41%和96.91%。结论:该法简便、准确、分离效果好、专属性强,可用于复方五仁醇胶囊的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法快速分离测定血浆中的乌头碱

目的建立血液中乌头碱的高效液相色谱快速分析方法。方法以空白人血浆添加乌头碱标准品对血液样品的前处理方法、仪器测试条件、线性范围、精密度、回收率进行全面考查,建立乌头碱定量分析方法。对血液中所含乌头碱的浓度进行测定。结果该方法在血液中的线性范围是0.1~5.0μg/m l;最低检测浓度为0.1μg/m l;日内、日间精密度分别小于3.7%和4.5%;回收率在(97.0±4.1)%以上。结论所建方法实用、便捷,可对血液中乌头碱的含量进行快速测定。