Emergence and equivocal autonomization of a Kurdish literary field in Turkey

Drawing on field theory, this paper aims to shed light on the development and functioning of the Kurdish literary world in Turkey, characterized, in particular, by the use of a non-official language. It argues that this “small literary world” is to be understood in relation to a “double macrocosm”: the sphere of Kurdish politics and the national Turkish sphere, which provide specific constraints and resources. The paper argues that in such a context the emergence of a literary field, autonomous from other social fields and independent from political stakes, follows an unpredictable path, and will not always be achieved political dimension of the literary act stresses its dependency on political stakes and the field of politics. This however does not impede the emergence of autonomous literary institutions. The multilingualism of the actors involved drives also toward another heteronomy: this small literary world is also to be understood in relation to the Turkish literary field. The paper first presents the macrocosms in which Kurdish literary activities developed. It then examines the progressive integration of a field freeing itself from political constraints. Lastly, it focuses on the trajectories of a few writers, the analyses of which show the intertwining of the different worlds.     

Fezzes in the river: identity politics and European diplomacy in the Middle East on the eve of World War II

This article analyzes how the Poles and Jews who disappeared from the western Ukrainian city of L'viv as a result of the Second World War are remembered in the city today. It examines a range of commemorative practices, from monuments and museums to themed cafes and literature, and analyzes how these practices interact to produce competing mnemonic narratives. In this respect, the article argues for an understanding of the city as a complex text consisting of a diverse range of mutually interdependent mnemonic media produced by a range of actors. The article focuses in particular on the ways in which Ukrainian nationalist narratives interact with the memory of the city's “lost others.” The article also seeks to understand L'viv's memory culture through comparison with a range of Polish cities that have faced similar problems with commemorating vanished communities, but have witnessed a deeper recognition of these communities than has been the case in L'viv. The article proposes reasons for the divergences between the memory cultures of L'viv and that found in Polish cities, and attempts to outline the gradual processes by which L'viv's Polish and Jewish pasts might become more widely integrated into the city's memory culture.     

Heir, Celebrity, Martyr, Monster: Legal and Political Legitimacy in Shakespeare and Beyond

The seventeenth century placed Western political thought on a path increasingly concerned with ascertaining the legitimacy of a determinate individual, parliamentary or popular sovereign. As early as Shakespeare, however, a parallel literary tradition serves not to systematise, but to problematise the discourses used to assert the legitimacy with which control over law and government is exercised. This article examines discourses of legal and political legitimacy spawned in early modernity. It is argued that basic notions of ‘right’, ‘duty’, ‘justice’ and ‘power’ (corresponding, in their more vivid manifestations, to categories of ‘heir’, ‘celebrity’, ‘martyr’ and ‘monster’) combine in discrete, but always encumbered ways, to generate a variety of legitimating discourses. Whilst transcendentalist versions of those discourses begin to wane, their secular analogues acquire steadily greater force. In addition to the Shakespearean histories, works of John Milton, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine, Friedrich Schiller and Richard Wagner are examined, along with some more contemporary or ironic renderings.

针刺麻醉文献研究的内容与方法

针刺麻醉的基础研究虽然主要以现代科学技术为手段,但追溯针刺麻醉的源流与发展、廓清针刺麻醉的临床与研究实践、总结针刺麻醉的理论与技术方法,仍需在足够的古今文献依据基础上完成。古代针刺麻醉文献虽然内容丰富,但整理研究相对薄弱;现代相关文献报道数量较大,但缺乏系统总结。今后针刺麻醉文献研究工作应包括针刺麻醉文献的汇集整理研究、针刺麻醉文献资源数字化规范及标准研究、针刺镇痛与针刺麻醉文献的综合研究、针刺麻醉优势病种的特异性腧穴研究、针刺麻醉的中医理论研究5个方面。     

我国劳动关系研究的历史回顾与未来展望：基于1949—2021年的文献分析

从历史维度回顾我国的劳动关系研究,总结具有中国特色的劳动关系管理经验,对于指导中国和谐劳动关系的构建具有重要意义。研究基于我国不同阶段的发展目标对劳动关系的影响,将1949—2021年我国劳动关系的研究划分为5个阶段,并进行分阶段的可视化分析。在此基础上,从政府、企业和劳动者3个劳动关系核心主体回顾每个阶段的研究主题,梳理我国劳动关系研究的演进过程。本研究提出巩固中国共产党在劳动关系工作中的领导地位、探究政府构建和谐劳动关系的路径、挖掘企业社会责任履行的方式等未来我国劳动关系的主要研究命题,构建了中国情境下劳动关系的研究模型并提出了劳动关系实践的发展方向。     

东干文学研究对海外华语文学理论构建的启示

东干文学是中亚的华裔文学,是海外华语文学领域中的新成员。东干文学在文字、语汇、文化等方面有着其他区域华语文学无法替代的特性,比如东干文字的拼音化、对晚清乃至宋元时代语汇的保留以及文化上兼具俄罗斯文化、中国传统文化与伊斯兰文化的多元性。这些特性以及与之相关的研究方法都为海外华语文学在学科的命名、整合研究以及未来发展中的生机与危机等理论构建与深化提供了一些启示。     

古典文学中的民族精神及当代价值

中国古典文学中蕴含着壮怀激烈、忧国忧民、大义凛然、慷慨悲歌、克勤于邦、克俭于家、不屈不挠、开拓进取等要素构成的民族精神.这些精神在建设先进文化的进程中有着重要的作用.     

抗战期间纪实文学作品中的日寇暴行

纪实学作品的重要特征之一，便是它的“真实性”，为此它为后人留下了弥足珍贵的“史料”。诞生于抗日战争时期的以记载侵华日军暴行为内容的大量通讯与报告字，同样因作的“身临其境”，而成为揭露侵略残暴罪行的原始“证据”。尤其是其独特的报道角度与宽广的覆盖面，不仅弥补了以往史料中的空白与不足，而且为今天的研究提供了一个新的渠道。     

论中国共产党文艺制度的起源

中国共产党文艺制度生成于与国民党争夺领导权的复杂政治斗争.1921至1929年,中国共产党在完成自身政党化的过程中逐渐确立了文艺在整个宣传工作中的地位,不仅通过政策制定和机构设立加强对文艺的组织和领导,而且将体现其政党意识的文艺思想有效地推进到社团、出版、传媒、文学教育和文学论争等现实层面.因此,中国共产党这一阶段文艺制度的建构成为1930年代的"左联"、1940年代的延安解放区以及新中国文艺制度的起源和原型.     

20世纪90年代女性文学与女性解放

20世纪90年代"新生代"女作家多写个人生活与自我生存体验,企图以此对抗男性社会,建构起与众不同的女性话语空间.但这种私人化写作本身存在很大的局限性,极有可能成为某些人追逐经济利益的工具,从而进一步强化女人"第二性"的地位.