究法制之源流 显文明之转承——《中华法制文明的演进》述评

初见张晋藩先生所著的《中华法制文明的演进》一书 ,我惊其厚 :近百万言 ,拿在手里沉甸甸的 ;通过认真学习 ,又奇其薄 :这不仅是由于该书所要阐述的是如此之大的一个对象 ,即中国传统社会数千年法制文明的演进 ,更为关键的在于 ,该书所涵盖知识面是如此之广 ,所体现的学术价值是如此之大     

DO CELLMATES MATTER? A CAUSAL TEST OF THE SCHOOLS OF CRIME HYPOTHESIS WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION AND DETERRENCE THEORIES

In the schools of crime hypothesis, social interactions between inmates are assumed to produce criminogenic rather than deterrent prison peer effects, thus implicating them in the persistence of high recidivism rates and null or criminogenic prison effects. We assess the validity of the schools of crime hypothesis by estimating prison peer effects that result from differential cellmate associations in a male, first‐time release cohort from the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections. To isolate causal prison peer effects in the presence of essential heterogeneity, we use a semiparametric local instrumental variables estimation strategy. Our results do not support the school of crime hypothesis. In our sample, prison peer effects produced in interaction with more criminally experienced cellmates are always null or deterrent rather than criminogenic. Although we do not explicitly test for the operant conditioning mechanisms theorized to underlie social influence in the context of differential association, we argue that, under the assumption that the differential association context relates positively to the direction of peer influence, our universally noncriminogenic estimates exclude direct reinforcement, vicarious reinforcement, and direct punishment as potential drivers of prison peer effects produced in interaction with more criminally experienced cellmates. Our results support the assertion that operant conditioning mechanisms connect differential association and deterrence theories.     

Book reviews

James A. Smith, The Idea Brokers: Think Tanks and the Rise of the New Policy Elite (New York: The Free Press, 1991), 313 pp. $24.95.

Dinesh D'Souza, Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus (New York: The Free Press, 1991)., 319 pp.

Michael Glennon, Constitutional Diplomacy and Constitutionalism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1990), 353 pp. $35.00.     

The political process of Boko Haram insurgency onset: a political relevance model

ABSTRACT

As more data emerges on the Boko Haram phenomenon, the controversy over the roots of the insurgency persists. While some emphasise transnational motivational factors based on the Salafist ideology, others focus on diverse local structural factors, including the economy, religion, and politics. Although this article acknowledges the importance of these factors, it argues that these are ubiquitous contextual factors which insufficiently explain the location and timing of the insurgency. By introducing the Political Relevance Model, this article theorises the insurgency onset by focusing on the agency of the local political elites and their relationship with the sect. It finds that the insurgency is rooted in an initial mutually beneficial relationship between the local political elites and a politically relevant group that turned sour, resulting in the attempt by the elites to withdraw the group’s earlier privileges using state coercion which the group frames as state repression requiring violent resistance. These agents have, in their interest, framed this struggle to resonate with the people.     

和谐社会构建中的地方政府行为规范研究

构建和谐社会需要全社会的共同努力，地方政府作为社会的主导力量，在和谐社会的构建中起着至关重要的作用。但地方政府长期存在的不规范行为严重影响了中国社会的和谐，严重制约中国和谐社会的构建。规范地方政府行为，首先要政企分开、科学界定地方政府职能，同时需要做好法制规范、自我规范、社会监督等工作。     

论元明清时期国家刑法在云南少数民族地区的适用

元明清时期国家刑法在云南少数民族地区的适用以土官的犯罪行为为起点;随着国家权力的扩张,国家刑法逐步越过土官及其刑事管辖权直接进入少数民族社会的各个领域,在终极形态上与刑事习惯法一起构成云南少数民族刑事法律实践形态,表现出一种二元化的特征。     

How ‘Local’ are the Liberal Democrats? Recent Evidence from Electoral Performance and Campaigning

In order to reclaim a credible place in the British two‐party system, the Liberal Democrats have done much to establish their community credentials. Successfully contesting seats in local elections may offer the best opportunities for a party to exploit limited resources and nurture its grass‐roots support. As a result, the party has been able to build up a reputation for optimising the so‐called snowball effect. This article focuses on two aspects of the Liberal Democrats’ local nature. The first is electoral trends since 1997—in terms of gaining and maintaining council control—and the extent to which this may have acted as a springboard for success in Westminster elections. The second reflects upon the content of campaigning in the 2005 general election. To what extent did the Liberal Democrats prioritise local issues in constituency leaflets? It concludes that the importance of locality to a party like the Liberal Democrats can present a double‐edged sword.     

中国代孕规制的模式选择

代孕是一个法律、伦理上的共同难题,国外存在着私法自治型、政府管制型、完全禁止型三种规制模式。中国政府采取了完全禁止的规制模式,却未能取得、也很难取得预期的效果。代孕是实现生育权的一种方式,却可能与代孕者、小孩的人格尊严和公序良俗相抵触。国家对代孕的规制,应该本着基本权利的基本原理,考量社会的接纳程度,在生育权、人格尊严与公序良俗之间作出适当的权衡,从而抛弃完全禁止的规制模式,履行其对多种基本权利的保护义务。     

Exhuming Death of a Bureaucrat

Death of a Bureaucrat ( Alea, 1966 ) has never received the recognition or in‐depth study that it deserves, yet this is a key film that marks Cuban film’s early success in addressing both local and global concerns. While remaining steadfastly Cuban, the film borrows knowingly from many sources, from Hollywood comedies to Buñuel. Crucially, it has a Brechtian note, and an eclectic use of montage is clearly informed by Eisenstein. Together, these approaches lead to an inventive, imaginative work. The film heralds a radical style of filmmaking that emerged precisely from Cuba’s revolutionary political culture.     

关于习惯与法律关系的误会——民国立法中的一个争论

本文大致梳理了民国时期民事立法中关于习惯去取的理论争论,通过对这些争论的不同理论进行分析,来观照当时学者及立法当局观念的理论意涵,指出就习惯问题发生的争论,主旨在于中国现代法律的正当性所在,并进一步试图阐发、质疑立法思想中对于习惯与法律间关系的误解。