社会主义革命时期毛泽东对央地关系的探索及启示

社会主义革命时期,毛泽东高度重视中央和地方关系,他对正确处理中央和地方关系的探索经历了三个重要阶段:新中国成立初期,毛泽东根据中国各地经济社会发展不平衡的现实条件,提出了统一与因地制宜相结合的原则,促进了国家整合、政权巩固和经济恢复;社会主义改造开始时,他主张学习苏联,进一步加强中央权力;社会主义改造后期,针对经济建设当中出现的诸多问题,他开始反思高度集中的领导体制,倡导放权给地方,发挥中央和地方两个积极性。毛泽东对中央和地方关系的处理,既表现出了较强的灵活性,又坚持了基本的政治原则,并注重学习借鉴外国的经验教训。他在探索中形成的实践经验和理论认识对于当代中国的国家治理具有重要的启示意义。     

Public Sector ‘Modernisation’: Examining the Impact of a Change Agenda on Local Government Employees in England

Can public sector reform change service performance for the better? This is a hotly contested debate that carries significant theoretical and practical importance. In England, as in many countries, modernisation was at the heart of local government reform and represented an interpretation of New Public Management into a policy framework. This paper examines the role of the modernisation change agenda in England and what this has subsequently meant for ‘service improvement’. Drawing on both document analyses and qualitative interviews with local government employees, we find that while modernisation sought to establish continuous improvement, unintended consequences of modernisation have led to Staff Reductions, Skill Deficiencies, and Loss of a Competent Middle Core in local government, as well as performance outcomes creating an environment for Commissioning, Service Reduction, and Self‐Policing. Implications for the lasting roles and behaviours of public managers affected by this national change agenda are discussed, and conclusions for theory and practice are drawn.     

The limits of local citizenship: administrative borders within the Italian municipalities

This article explores residency, a form of municipal membership that plays a strategic role in Italy. Residency is a formal status and a means to have access to rights. Therefore, it is a sort of local citizenship that, at least in part, equalises citizens and non-citizens. Due to its strategic role, many local authorities have paid serious attention to it recently. Municipalities have illegally tightened the requirements provided for by national laws for obtaining the status of resident or introduced new requirements. Stressing the different mechanisms of exclusion from residency, this article explains that they often work as administrative borders. These are bureaucratic barriers that, by denying residency, aspire to regulate, symbolically and sometimes materially, the composition of the people living within municipal territories and to redistribute rights between ‘deserving’ and ‘undeserving’ individuals. As such, administrative borders fragment individual statuses and provoke an increase in civic stratification.     

中法两国中央与地方关系之比较

如何正确处理好中央与地方的关系是当今世界诸多国家面临的而又必须要解决好的现实课题 ,中国也不例外。因此 ,研究中央与地方关系 ,不仅具有重要的理论意义 ,而且具有很强的实践意义。试图通过对中法两国最近 50年来中央与地方关系的比较研究 ,以期为我国改革中央与地方关系提供一点有益的启示。     

Balanced Scorecard Implementation in a Local Government Authority: Issues and Challenges

Over the last decade the balanced scorecard (BSC) has emerged as a popular strategic performance measurement and control system within various public sector organisations as it assists in effectively implementing strategy and in measuring performance. This article investigates whether the implementation of a BSC has been of value to a large Local Government Authority (LGA) within Australia. The research takes a thematic approach to identify the issues, challenges and lessons learnt in relation to the design and implementation of the BSC, which is accomplished through a review of annual reports, published relevant documents and semi‐structured interviews with 13 senior managers of various programs and divisions within the LGA. Future research opportunities are also identified in this area.     

Past and present African citizenships of slave descent: lessons from Benin

This paper takes up the notion of citizenship and ethnicity as forms of belonging in the context of globalisation. The discussion draws on a case study focusing on a Fulfuldephone servile group from Northern Benin called the Gando. Since pre-colonial times, their servile status ascribed by birth has been an argument for placing them at the margins of their society and excluding them from political participation. While still claiming their belonging to the nation-state of Benin and the Fulbe's culture, the Gando have progressively built a new social identity that is showing to be a new ethnic group. In the context of the decentralisation reform implemented in 2002–2003, the Gando have taken the opportunity to access local power; they conquered municipal power in the 2003 and 2008 local elections. In doing so they opened the gates to a full citizenship that in the context of today's Benin means a clientelistic citizenship. Contrary to recent literature focused on the simultaneous emergence of belonging dynamics and violent conflicts in the context of recent globalisation in developing countries, the author argues that belonging dynamics do not necessarily imply violent conflicts and exclusion dynamics.     

地方综合性高校学风建设评价体系研究

建立地方综合性高校学风建设的评价体系,为进一步加强学风建设提供决策依据和决策支持,意义重大。建立高校学风建设的评价体系,必须以学生为主体,定性与定量相结合,对学风建设原有指标内容加以强化和充实。     

论外交保护中用尽当地救济的法律地位与规则性质

外交保护是国家保护海外公民最重要的手段之一。用尽当地救济是外交保护的前提条件。长期以来,它一直被认为是国际习惯。随着国际争端解决方式的多样化以及保护人权呼声的高涨,一些学者开始质疑该规则的国际习惯地位。但是这种质疑不具有合理性和可行性。在法律地位的基础上,国际社会对用尽当地救济的规则性质始终莫衷一是。事实上,应当对侵害行为区分不同情况,分别判定用尽当地救济是程序法性质的,还是实体法性质的。     

政府行为失范下的维稳困境——基于转型期我国地方政府失范拆迁行为的思考

随着我国社会转型的不断深入,利益分化程度不断加剧,各种群体性突发事件明显增多,特别是近几年来,由于地方政府行为失范所诱发的各种拆迁矛盾层出不穷,愈演愈烈,致使我国维稳陷入困境。为此,规范地方政府行为,维护社会稳定、和谐,是目前摆在我们面前的一个重大任务。     

英、美、澳地方政府绩效评估指标比较及启示

在分析了英国、美国、澳大利亚几个国家对地方政府进行评估而采用的指标体系和框架之后,通过比较他们的共同点与不同之处,提出了对中国地方政府绩效评估有价值的启示,以更加完善的评估指标体系来引导地方政府真正为了人民群众公共利益而提升责任性和绩效管理水平。