空间形式:现代小说的叙事结构

长期以来,叙事学理论对时间问题关注较多,对空间问题着力甚少。在关于现代小说叙事结构“空间形式”的探讨中,其“空间”非指日常生活经验中具体的物件或场所,而是一种抽象空间、知觉空间、“虚幻空间”。只有在完全弄清楚了小说的时间线索,并对整部小说的结构有了整体的把握之后,这种“空间”才能在读者的意识中呈现出来。构成现代小说空间形式的要件是时间,或者说时间系列。小说的空间形式必须建立在时间逻辑的基础上,才能建立起叙事的秩序;只有“时间性”与“空间性”的创造性结合,才是创作伟大小说的条件,也是未来小说发展的趋势所在。     

Fatal intoxication involving 2-methyl AP-237

Novel synthetic opioids contribute considerably to the opioid epidemic, especially with the frequent emergence of structurally similar compounds. This case report describes a fatal intoxication involving 2-methyl AP-237. A 54-year-old Caucasian male was found deceased from an apparent drug overdose. A plastic container labeled “2MAP” and a cut straw were found in the decedent's backpack at the scene. A white substance found in the container tested positive for fentanyl by field testing. According to his medical history, the decedent was treated for a drug overdose 3 years prior to his death. With no diagnostic findings at autopsy, the case was submitted for toxicological analysis. An unknown substance was detected in peripheral blood and urine using gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detection (GC-NPD). Further testing was conducted using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) which confirmed the presence of 2-methyl AP-237 and potential metabolites in blood and urine. Quantitation by GC-NPD revealed concentrations of 2-methyl AP-237 in blood and urine at 480 ng/mL and 4200 ng/mL, respectively. The toxicological analysis also identified and quantitated alprazolam in the blood at 55 ng/mL. Additionally, the metabolism of 2-methyl AP-237 was investigated and three hydroxylated metabolites were identified in peripheral blood and urine. Limited literature is available for the detection and quantitation of 2-methyl AP-237 in postmortem specimens. Given the toxicological findings with unremarkable autopsy findings, this case is an example of a fatal intoxication involving 2-methyl AP-237.     

乡土文学的“大题目“:略论20年代乡土文学对鲁迅的继承

２０年代乡土小说主流地位的确立和基本特征的形成,一个重要的原因在于它紧紧抓住了改造国民性文化批判的大题目。这个大题目的抓取和展开是在鲁迅的影响下进行的,具体表现于题材和主题的转换,文化视界的拓展,国民心态的揭示,民俗文化的批判等四个方面。     

Near‐fatal Intoxication with the “New” Synthetic Opioid U‐47700: The First Reported Case in the Czech Republic

Recreational use of the potent synthetic opioid 3,4‐ dichloro‐N‐(2‐(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)‐N‐methylbenzamide (U‐47700) is rising, accompanied by increasingly frequent cases of serious intoxication. This article reports a case of near‐fatal U‐47700 intoxication. A man was found unconscious (with drug powder residues). After 40 h in hospital (including 12 h of supported ventilation), he recovered and was discharged. Liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to detect and quantify substances in powders, serum and urine. Powders contained U‐47700 and two synthetic cannabinoids. Serum and urine were positive for U‐47700 (351.0 ng/mL), citalopram (<LOQ), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC: 3.3 ng/mL), midazolam (<LOQ) and a novel benzodiazepine, clonazolam (6.8 ng/mL) and their metabolites but negative for synthetic cannabinoids. If potent synthetic opioids become cheaper and more easily obtainable than their classical counterparts (e.g., heroin), they will inevitably replace them and users may be exposed to elevated risks of addiction and overdose.     

Drug Recognition Evaluation and Chemical Confirmation of a 25C‐NBOMe‐Impaired Driver

This case report details an individual arrested for drug‐impaired driving after leaving the scene of multiple motor vehicle collisions and evading police. The driver was examined by a drug recognition expert and failed the drug recognition evaluation. The driver admitted to using cocaine, marijuana, an antidepressant medication and “N‐bomb,” a novel psychoactive substance that possesses hallucinogenic properties. Toxicological analyses at the Centre of Forensic Sciences’ Toronto laboratory revealed only the substance 2‐[4‐chloro‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenyl]‐N‐[(2‐methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine (25C‐NBOMe) in the accused's urine. This is the first report in which 25C‐NBOMe was identified through DRE and toxicological analyses in a drug‐impaired driver.     

Flualprazolam distribution in postmortem samples

The constant emergence of novel psychoactive substances is troubling to both public health officials and legislators. Additionally, sufficient data collection for each new compound can take months up to years. Flualprazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine, quickly garnered attention as a sedative drug that likely expresses adverse reactions similarly to alprazolam. This study focuses on the distribution of flualprazolam in multiple common postmortem matrices. Central blood, vitreous humor, liver homogenate, brain homogenate, gastric contents, and urine samples from death investigation cases were quantitated when available. Samples were screened with liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight with limit of detection set at 4 ng/ml and quantitated on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, with concentration range from 4 to 256 ng/ml. From August 2018 to September 2020, 24 central blood samples were quantitated for flualprazolam. Central bloods of 22 cases had concentrations above the limit of quantitation. The average flualprazolam central blood concentration was 16.3 ng/ml with a median of 9.95 ng/ml (4.24–48.0). Additional analyses for unconjugated flualprazolam were performed on at a total of 15 urine samples ( = 14.4, 4.07–36.1 ng/ml), 23 brain homogenates ( = 23.2, 3.99–69.3 ng/g), 23 liver homogenates ( = 50.7, 13.6–156 ng/g), five vitreous humor samples ( = 7.70, 4.03–12 ng/ml), and 12 gastric contents samples ( = 0.36, 0.02–2.51 mg). The cause of death for 13 of the 24 cases listed flualprazolam as a contributing factor of death.     

男权意识下的突围与困境——莫言小说女性形象再解读

长期以来,人们习惯于将莫言笔下的女性形象看作叛逆和颠覆传统伦理的典范,但究其深层原因,审视其生存真相,会发现她们深受子嗣至上、男尊女卑精神桎梏的束缚;她们被传统贞操观念、从一而终的封建伦理极度压抑;同时她们对男性依附性的意识也根深蒂固。通过她们的突围及其困境,莫言洞微烛幽,深刻批判了女性长期以来受到男权压迫的事实。莫言用他的作品证明了男性作家描绘女性情感、揭示女性命运的可能性以及所能达到的高度。     

当代大学生网络小说阅读情况分析——以湖北汽车工业学院为例

当前,网络小说在大学生中非常流行。为此,有必要了解当代大学生阅读网络小说的基本情况。本文在对大学生阅读网络小说的基本情况分析的基础上,探讨了网络小说受欢迎的原因和培养当代大学生养成良好读书习惯的对策。     

没有灵魂的自由最易迷失--基于女性主义视角对劳伦斯小说中女性形象的解读

戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯,是20世纪最具争议的英国作家。在他的小说中,有非常多令人印象深刻的女性角色。这些角色塑造的是思想认识各不相同的女性形象,但是却都反映了劳伦斯对于女性的思考。从女性主义的视角对出现在劳伦斯小说中比较有代表性的女性形象进行解读,可推动对于劳伦斯小说中女性角色的深入研究。     

儒释道互补与新旧文化的冲突——论明清小说的文化心理特征

儒释道思想观念是传统文化心理的重要内容,同时,明中叶以来以王艮、何心隐、李贽等为代表的王学左派,其学说具有近代解放因素的民主思想和鲜明的启蒙色彩,它势必要与传统思想观念发生冲突碰撞,从而影响着明清小说的创作。就明清小说创作的基本情况看,一方面,传统文化心理始终占据着主导地位,三家思想互补渗透于小说创作的诸环节之中;另一方面,新的文化思潮对小说创作也产生了重要影响,从而形成了明清小说复杂而新颖的文化心理特征。