博弈论视角下我国群体性事件及治理路径探讨

近年来我国群体性事件规模和数量均呈上升趋势。群体性事件的产生受多种因素的影响,并且有一定的社会根源。而群体性事件发生的整个过程实际上就是各参与主体的博弈过程。本文通过建立博弈模型,从理论上对参与主体进行分析,研究其利益诉求及其在博弈中的地位,以及不同形式下的博弈均衡,以期实现对群体性事件进行预防和有效治理。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测电流损伤皮肤中金属元素

目的探讨应用电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)技术检测电流损伤皮肤中金属元素的可行性,建立检测电流损伤皮肤中金属元素的方法。方法用黄铜、紫铜、铝、铁电极材料以220V交流电电击家兔后肢,ICP-MS对电流损伤皮肤中金属元素进行检测。结果与对照组比较:黄铜电击组皮肤中的Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb含量升高(P0.05),紫铜电击组皮肤中的Cr、Cu、Pb含量升高(P0.05),铝电击组皮肤中的Al、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Pb含量升高(P0.05),铁电击组皮肤中的Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni含量升高(P0.05)。不同电极材料电击后皮肤中元素种类及含量也存在明显差异。结论ICP-MS可作为检测电流损伤皮肤中金属元素的有效方法,且可应用于触电材料的推断。     

谈音乐中的文学性内容

音乐中所具有的文学性内容包括:一、过程,文学展开的是客观世界的过程,音乐展开的是主观世界的过程,它的作用是为听众的文学性联想提供过程的依据;二、冲突,文学通过突如其来的事件的闯入或两种力量的斗争造成冲突,音乐是通过音响中包含的感情力量之间的对比暗示客观世界的冲突;三、抒情,文学的抒情有表达感情、描写感情和借景抒情三方面,而音乐的抒情是“借情抒情”,通过对情绪氛围的描述,达到对感情内容的主观表达。想象的介入使音乐概括性的表达闪现出文学性的内容。     

大众传播语境下文学话语的转型

大众传媒时代的到来营构了新的文学传播语境,文学话语的深刻转型正在凸显。主要表现为:一是纯文学与通俗文学的融合有了新的内涵;二是随着大众媒体的日益视觉化,文学从外部媒介形式到内在叙事方式都由图像的符号体系中吸纳了富有表现力的因素,具有了视觉文化的某些特征;三是大众媒体在将文学置入一种新的传播语境的同时,也打破了文学文类内部既有的规范和秩序,形成了与此前形貌迥异的文学版图。     

公共安全视频监控系统在侦查中的应用与完善

公共安全视频监控系统在防范和打击刑事犯罪活动方面的成效日益凸显,它具备实时监控、快速反应、固定证据和为案件的进一步侦查提供有力线索的独特功能,在刑事侦查中发挥着重要作用,但视频监控系统在建设、维护和管理方面仍存在一定的问题。强化应用意识,规范管理,可以更大地发挥其重要作用。     

伦理责任抑或法律责任——对公司社会责任制度的重新审视

公司社会责任问题是一个涉及众多学科领域的具有综合性、交叉性的概念。虽然在我国《公司法》中已明确规定公司应当承担社会责任,但对公司社会责任的概念界定无论在理论上还是在实践中都一直存在争议。事实上公司社会责任有伦理意义上的社会责任和法律意义上的社会责任之别。前者可被称为道德化的社会责任或广义社会责任,后者则可称为法律化的社会责任即狭义的社会责任。通过分析道德化社会责任在伦理基础上和经济效益上与公司法基本理念的冲突,可以得出具有实际操作性的公司社会责任概念应采狭义的即法律化的社会责任概念。只有在关涉公共利益时才需要适用公司社会责任原则来考量公司和社会公共利益之间的平衡。     

Formation of Trifluoroacetylated Ephedrine During the Analysis of a Pseudoephedrine-Formaldehyde Adduct by TFAA Derivatization Followed by GC-MS

Abstract:  (+)-Pseudoephedrine reacts with formaldehyde to form (4 S ,5 S )-3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyloxazolidine. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis after the reaction of this oxazolidine with excess trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (TFAA) shows predominantly N , O- bis(trifluoroacetyl)pseudoephedrine with some of the monotrifluoroacetylated derivative. In addition, variable amounts of N , O- bis(trifluoroacetyl)ephedrine were detected by GC-MS. N , O- bis(trifluoroacetyl)ephedrine was not detected upon trifluoroacetylation of the source (+)-pseudoephedrine, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the (4 S ,5 S )-3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyloxazolidine showed no evidence of the (4 R ,5 S ) isomer. This suggests that the N ,O-bis(trifluoroacetyl)ephedrine is formed by epimerization during the TFAA derivatization and GC-MS analysis of the pseudoephedrine-formaldehyde adduct.     

The Application of Remote Sensing for Detecting Mass Graves: An Experimental Animal Case Study from Costa Rica*

Abstract: Detection of mass graves utilizing the hyperspectral information in airborne or satellite imagery is an untested application of remote sensing technology. We examined the in situ spectral reflectance of an experimental animal mass grave in a tropical moist forest environment and compared it to an identically constructed false grave which was refilled with soil, but contained no cattle carcasses over the course of a 16‐month period. The separability of the in situ reflectance spectra was examined with a combination of feature selection and five different nonparametric pattern classifiers. We also scaled up the analysis to examine the spectral signature of the same experimental mass grave from an air‐borne hyperspectral image collected 1 month following burial. Our results indicate that at both scales (in situ and airborne), the experimental grave had a spectral signature that was distinct and therefore detectable from the false grave. In addition, we observed that vegetation regeneration was severely inhibited over the mass grave containing cattle carcasses for up to a period of 16 months. This experimental study has demonstrated the real utility of airborne hyperspectral imagery for the detection of a relatively small mass grave (5 m²) within a specific climatic zone. Other climatic zones will require similar actualistic modeling studies, but it is clear that the applications of this technology provide the international community with both an early detection tool and a tool for ongoing monitoring.     

Detection of Acute Diazepam Exposure in Bone and Marrow: Influence of Tissue Type and the Dose‐Death Interval on Sensitivity of Detection by ELISA with Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Confirmation*

Abstract: Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) were used to detect diazepam exposure in skeletal tissues of rats (n = 15) given diazepam acutely (20 mg/kg, i.p.), and killed at various times postdose. Marrow, epiphyseal, and diaphyseal bone were isolated from extracted femora. Bone was cleaned, ground, and incubated in methanol. Marrow underwent ultrasonic homogenization. Extracts and homogenates were diluted in phosphate buffer, and then underwent solid‐phase extraction and ELISA. Relative sensitivity of detection was examined in terms of relative decrease in absorbance (ELISA) and binary classification sensitivity (ELISA and LC/MS/MS). Overall, the data showed differences in relative sensitivity of detection of diazepam exposure in different tissue types (marrow > epiphyseal bone > diaphyseal bone), which is suggestive of heterogenous distribution in these tissues, and a decreasing sensitivity with increasing dose‐death interval. Thus, the tissue type sampled and dose‐death interval may contribute to the probability of detection of diazepam exposure in skeletal tissues.     

Thiodicarb and methomyl tissue distribution in a fatal multiple compounds poisoning

Abstract:  Thiodicarb is a nonsystemic carbamate insecticide whose acetylcholinesterase activity is related to its main methomyl degradation product. A 40-year-old woman was found dead in her car. Empty packages of medicines and an open bottle of Larvin^® containing thiodicarb were found near her body. No signs of violence nor traumatic injuries were noticed upon autopsy, and police investigations strongly suggested a suicide. Systematic toxicological analysis performed on postmortem specimens revealed the presence of various sedatives, hypnotics, and antipsychotic drugs in blood, urine, and gastric content. Some of the compounds identified were determined at blood concentrations well above the known therapeutic concentrations: zolpidem (2.87 mg/L), bromazepam (2.39 mg/L), nordazepam (4.21 mg/L), and levopremazine (0.64 mg/L). Specific analysis of thiodicarb and of its methomyl metabolite was then performed on all fluids and tissues collected during autopsy by liquid chromatography ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The anticholinesterase capacity of blood, urine, and gastric content collected at autopsy was 83%, 82%, and 32%, respectively (normal value: 0%). The presence of thiodicarb in the bottle found near the body corroborates the hypothesis of an intake of that compound. Although thiodicarb was only detected in gastric content (24.3 mg/L), its methomyl metabolite was quantified in most postmortem tissues and fluids: gastric content (19.9 mg/L), peripheral blood (0.7 mg/L), urine (8.5 mg/L), bile (2.7 mg/L), liver (0.7 mg/kg), kidney (1.7 mg/kg), lung (1.5 mg/kg), brain (9.3 mg/kg), and heart (3.6 mg/kg).