依法执政与司法审查关系的法理解读

从某种角度来看,构建和谐社会就是要对国家中的主要权力以一种制度化的方式进行引导和规范,以形成一种国家权力秩序。就我国而言,中国共产党的执政权是历史选择,人民赋予的。如何规范化、制度化、法治化的执政是当前党和国家非常关注的问题,也是理论上需要予以解答的课题。这需要从依法执政的历史发展逻辑,执政及依法执政的含义和对党执政所依据的法的范畴从法治的角度进行分析,探讨依法执政与司法审查之间的关系,辨析其法理依据,就目前而言将执政行为进行分解是解决依法执政与司法监督关系的一条现实路径。     

MALDI-TOF-IMS分析DAI大鼠脑组织内差异蛋白的分布

目的基于基质辅助激光解吸/电离-飞行时间质谱成像(matrix assisted laser desorption/ionizationtime of flight imaging mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-IMS)技术建立弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)大鼠脑组织内蛋白差异化表达的质谱成像方法。方法应用AutoflexⅢ MALDI-TOF质谱仪在质荷比1 000~20 000范围内对DAI组和对照组脑组织进行质谱扫描,利用Clin Pro Tool 2.2软件对两组数据进行统计学分析,挑选出存在表达差异的蛋白质分子进行质谱成像,观察不同质荷比的蛋白质分子在脑组织中的分布情况。结果质荷比为4 963、5 634、6 253、6 714及7 532的5个蛋白质分子在DAI大鼠脑组织内表达量存在差异。结论 MALDI-TOF-IMS可用于大鼠DAI后脑组织内差异蛋白的研究,初步建立了质谱成像技术检测DAI大鼠脑组织中差异蛋白分布的分析方法。     

“临终关怀”的法律之维——法理基础、宪法依据与实体法规制

临终关怀是对临终病人进行姑息性照护,而非治疗性照护,关注的是如何减少临终病人痛苦,不以延长生命为主要目的。现代人权理念的内在要求、社会契约论对弱势群体的当然保护、法的效益价值的现实体现,是临终关怀正当性的法理基础。临终关怀具有充分的宪法依据。临终关怀必须依法进行,以确保患者的权利不被剥夺。在刑法上,临终关怀属于"正当行为",但要防止以临终关怀为理由而实施的遗弃罪和不作为形式的故意杀人罪,同时防范其他犯罪。在民法上,要规范临终关怀的决定主体、实施条件和操作程序。     

论公诉的裁量权

公诉的裁量权是检察机关一项重要的权力,是起诉便宜主义的主要内容和具体体现。本文通过价值分析、比较论证和实务研究等方式对公诉的裁量权进行了探讨,分析了我国检察机关在使用裁量权过程中存在的问题,提出了相关的完善措施,以期对推动我国检察机关裁量权的研究与应用有所裨益。     

群体性事件心理动因和心理机制探析

从人类行为发生的内在机理看,群体性事件是参与民众在社会变迁过程中出现心理失衡后,在群体心理作用下转化为群体行为的结果.现阶段中国底层民众中弥漫着的相对剥夺感、社会不公感、信任缺失感、弱势认同感、社会焦虑感等相互叠加,是群体性事件发生的社会心理动因；而特定或不特定群体中的情绪感染、去个性化、群体极化、冒险转移、心理暗示等交互作用,则是群体性事件发生的群体心理机制.     

处分原则之理论依据新论

德国、日本及我国台湾地区学者一般认为处分原则的依据是私法自治原则。而我国大陆诉讼法学界对于处分原则理论依据的阐释从上世纪80年代初到现在则经历了一个微妙的变化过程,逐渐从社会主义民主原则以及"国家干预私法"的理论演变为民事权利的可处分性,并趋向回归到私法自治原则。但实际上从法学的多维视角观察,处分原则的依据绝不仅限于私法自治原则。法理法学上的权利主体理论、自然法观念与自由主义思想,宪法学上的宪政原理、法治国家与人权保障理论,民事实体法上的公私法划分与契约自由理论以及民事程序法自身的诉讼目的、诉讼价值以及程序主体性理论等均为确立处分原则的理论依据。     

Mass murderers in the United States: predictors of offender deaths

Objective: many mass murderers appear to care more about harming others than they do about protecting themselves, and they often commit suicide or refuse to surrender and are killed by police. The present study offers the first in-depth investigation of differences between mass murderers who live and die as a direct result of their offenses. Method: data on 308 offenders in the United States from January 2006 to May 2014 are subjected to quantitative analysis, including logistic regression. Results: findings suggest that those who die are older, less likely to have co-offenders, and more likely to commit public mass killings or family killings, which corresponds with Durkheim’s theories of suicide in numerous ways. Conclusion: ultimately, several specific improvements in suicide prevention strategies could potentially help to reduce the prevalence of these high-fatality crimes.     

Sudden Death as a Complication of Choriocarcinoma

We report the case of a young man with a history of sudden death. On autopsy, a large retroperitoneal mass was found along with secondaries in the liver and lungs. No testicular abnormality was detected on palpation. Based on histopathological examination, it was diagnosed to be a case of choriocarcinoma. Unfortunately, it was not definitively determined whether the retroperitoneal mass represents the primary tumor or secondary involvement with testes being the primary source. It is important that forensic pathologists are aware of this disease as a potential cause of sudden death. The main focus of the paper is the approach of a forensic pathologist to a case of a sudden death when an unexpected and undiagnosed tumor is found in the retroperitoneum and not much information is available about the clinical history of the deceased.     

The Variability of Ecstasy Tablets Composition in Brazil

The content of ecstasy tablets has been changing over the years, and nowadays 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is not always present in the tablets. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition in the seized tablets labeled as ecstasy. We analyzed samples from 150 different seizures made by Sao Paulo's State Police by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. MDMA was present in 44.7% of the analyzed samples, and another twenty different active substances were identified in these tablets, such as caffeine, 2C‐B, piperazines, amphetamines, phencyclidine, and others. Methamphetamine was present in 22% of these samples. The results demonstrate a huge shift in the pattern of trafficking of synthetic drugs, where MDMA has been replaced in tablets mostly by illicit psychoactive substances, in a clear attempt to bypass the law. The great variability in the tablets composition may lead to an increased risk of drug poisoning.     

我国设立归扣制度的基础与制度构建研究

归扣制度具有保障共同继承人公平地分配遗产的功能。设立归扣制度，符合我国当代民众财产日益丰富的现实国情，能够彰显法律的平等、自由、公平和效率价值。为此，可借鉴相关国外立法，结合我国实际提出设立我国归扣制度的立法建议。