国家与乡村社会关系的演绎与1959-1961年的农业危机

1959-1961年的农业危机是在国家控制力极强、乡村社会自治性极弱的政治格局下,基层民众被迫执行国家一系列非理性政策的结果.近代以来,国家政权建设表现为单方面的国家权力下沉态势,地方社会的自治性不断削弱.随着1949年新政权的建立,国家对乡村社会的控制达到前所未有的规模与深度,二者演变为控制与被控制、挤压与被挤压的极端不对等关系.在此状态下,国家权力极度扩张而发生非理性的行为,乡村社会"缓冲地带"消融,面对外界的过度索取失去免疫力,无力抵抗,最终酿成农业危机.     

物业管理的立法完善

物业管理与百姓的生活息息相关,随着房地产的升温,物业管理中的纠纷也日益增多。然而我国目前尚无一部专门的物业管理法律,应加强理论研究工作,出台专门的《物业管理法》,并建立物业纠纷处理系统,以解决物业管理实务中的问题。     

19世纪前欧洲国际私法学说重述

19世纪以前欧洲的国际私法学说对国际私法的实践和理论发展有着不可或缺的重要作用,但是目前国内对这些学说的解读,由于各种原因,并没有展现学说的原貌。鉴于此,同时抛弃非理性偏爱,本文对传统的各个学说进行了尽可能的再现,希望能对学说的学习和研究有所帮助。     

试论清末民初时期国家权力在乡村的渗透——基于小说《白鹿原》叙事的考察

清末民初,＂国权不下县＂的状态被打破,国家权力开始向乡村社会下沉,中央政权通过建立区乡制度、重建保甲制度以及通过国家法和民间法的博弈攫取乡村社会的统治权,对乡村社会进行官治。     

社会管理创新中的社会自治

社会管理创新中的社会自治是经济社会发展的必然要求。对社会自治认识的局限性、长期的计划经济条件下的政府管理体制的惯性思维和社会自治组织的自身缺陷是社会自治面临的障碍。促进社会自治需要政府向社会自治组织放权放手和培育、扶持社会自治组织以及建立健全相关的制度和法律。     

国家与社会博弈逻辑中的乡村自治

本文沿着“推进村民自治的目的,民主主体理性的培养,自治主体的组织化,旧非正式组织的改造,正式组织的革新,乡村与国家权力边界的界定,社会权力的扩张,两种民主的结合”这一前后相继的分析路径,求解乡村自治问题。     

Managerial autonomy: does it matter for the performance of water utilities?

The public administration literature asserts that autonomy is central to performance. In this article we develop a managerial autonomy index, which we apply to 22 water utilities in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The 16 items that underlie our composite autonomy index display a high degree of internal consistency. This speaks for the validity of the autonomy concept. We find that the autonomy scores of the 22 utilities vary widely. We also find strong and positive associations between autonomy scores and six out of eight key performance indicators. Our results support the idea that autonomy is central to the performance of water service providers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Independent regulatory agencies in Turkey: are they really autonomous?

This article examines the autonomy of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in Turkey. It explores, first, the different factors that have led to the creation of IRAs and second, the legislative basis of their formal or de jure autonomy. Thereafter, the article assesses the extent to which this formal autonomy is really put in practice and how it is perceived by board members. The enquiry was conducted through a survey comprising interviews and a questionnaire applied to the same. It concludes that although formal autonomy is satisfactorily provided for by law, government tends to limit this autonomy through secondary legislation. Consequently, there are some constraints on the actual use of autonomy. Concerning de facto autonomy, survey findings show that boards are exposed to external and internal pressures and interference in their deliberations. Thus, the assumption that ‘the greater the autonomy the more efficient the management’ is questioned. The main sources of pressure on board members are from the regulated sectors themselves. These findings have an important bearing on democracy and the political–administrative interface, as it is confronted by market forces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

社区自治：我国社区治理的发展目标

改革开放以来,我国的社区治理主要经历了行政型、合作型两种模式。实现社区自治是我国社区治理的发展目标,但目前条件尚未成熟。要实现社区自治的目标,必须从加强社区治理的法律建设、积极促进第三部门发展、大力发展社会中介组织、积极培育公民的参与意识和社区理念等方面努力。     

新时期村民自治权益保障要点

《村委会组织法》如何在新农村建设中得以贯彻执行,我国农村村民的自治权利怎样才能得到切实保障?新时期村民自治权益保障要点集中体现在以下几个方面:一、说自治,村委会需要更多自主权;二、要权利,不以“一票”论民主;三、话“两委”,村民亟需监督权;四、动真格,村务公开贵在真实。