我国现行排污收费制度的法律分析

环境污染是当今世界各国共同面临的一个难题。对环境污染的有效预防和治理,是一个高度综合、高度复杂的问题,涉及到污染的防治和生态的恢复,并且和人类的生产方式、生活方式、价值观念、管理体制、政策法律息息相关。随着我国经济的快速发展,环境污染问题也日趋严重。为了有效控制排污行为、保护环境资源,我国自上世纪70年代后期开始实施排污收费制度,在环境污染治理上取得了显著的效果。从法律层面上对我国排污收费制度的建立和发展过程以及现行排污收费制度基本内容进行深入分析,可得出排污收费制度实质上是一种“准排污税”。     

刑事诉讼中司法审查机制的实证分析——以俄罗斯和我国台湾地区的司法改革为范例

法制变革国家和地区的司法审查实践的经验和教训有助于我们理性地看待建立我国刑事诉讼中的司法审查制度。我国台湾地区羁押权、搜查权收归"法院"的成功实践表明,司法审查机制能够成为保护被追诉者乃至普通公民免受国家权力无理侵犯的甲胄;俄罗斯建立法院对逮捕、羁押的司法审查机制的艰难实践却证明,司法审查制度最终得以实现需要突破重重难关,尤其是改变旧的权力格局,确立新的权力结构。我国刑事诉讼中确立并落实司法审查机制,同样需要完善错案追究、国家赔偿制度,实现司法独立、树立司法权威。     

问题、理念与规则：我国刑事程序系统的若干反思

我国目前的刑事程序系统存在诸多缺陷,导致其内部在某种程度上出现了结构失稳和功能失衡,影响了刑事诉讼整体功能的发挥。因此,有必要从理念更新和规则优化层面重构我国刑事程序系统,以促使其实现动态、平衡的发展。     

非法证据与刑事错案研究

近年,中国媒体频频报道一些震惊全国的刑事冤案,使得在这些刑事案件中存在的侦查取证等诉讼程序问题再度成为社会关注的焦点。尤其象忽视物证鉴定结论、刑讯逼供等非法获取证据的行为,几乎出现在每一宗错案中。从世界范围看,各国都已经越来越重视对人权的保护,非法获取证据的行为势必侵害犯罪嫌疑人的基本人权,有损司法公正。笔者拟从寻觅非法证据导致刑事错案的源头出发,探索如何坚持科学的态度建立非法证据排除规则。     

通向一种文化诗学:新历史主义批评的研究综述

作为20世纪80年代后英美文论界的新兴批评理论,新历史主义是在当代语境下对历史文本重新进行文化阐释和政治解读的阅读诗学。中西方学界对新历史主义的研究也呈现出各自的文化特征。本文以格林布拉特文化诗学为研究个案,在回顾新历史批评发展历程的同时,总体把握中西方学界对新历史主义的研究现状,重新把握新历史主义文化诗学在中国文化语境下的理论内涵。     

公民的基本权利与宪法保障

保障公民的基本权利是宪法最主要、最核心的价值。近代宪法是在保障公民基本权利的过程中产生的,保障公民的基本权利是宪法永恒的主题。基于经济、政治和文化的发展,我国要通过修宪和宪法解释工作进一步确认一些与中国社会发展和人们生活息息相关的必要的基本权利,并通过规范国家权力和加强司法救济等手段来确保公民基本权利的实现。     

刑事法中法条竞合

法条竞合表面上符合数个犯罪构成，但最终适用的只是单一规范，其他规范在评价及适用上均被排除，这种现象体现在规范上的关系就是：法条竞合既有犯罪构成的逻辑关系，也有犯罪构成的评价关系。法条竞合以具体犯罪行为为前提，因此属于罪数形态论范畴，是本来的一罪。法条竞合有特别关系和补充关系两种类型，其适用的法律原则是特别法优于普通法。     

Law Enforcement Lessons Learned from Hurricane Katrina

Major disasters represent infrequent events that often require response organizations to vicariously learn from the experiences of others in order to improve their operations. A primary mechanism for such knowledge diffusion is the different practitioner and empirical journals for the organizational fields that comprise disaster response. A review of the literature for the law enforcement field, however, reveals that little attention is given to how these organizations manage actual disasters. In particular, the presentation of organizational experiences, whether through case studies or other methodologies, is very limited in the practitioner and empirical literature of this field. This represents a considerable problem for improvements of disaster response operations given that law enforcement agencies represent a key component in such efforts. The research presented in this article is an effort to fill this knowledge gap and thereby facilitate organizational learning to improve future law enforcement disaster response activities. The authors traveled to Mississippi and Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina to examine the response efforts of state and local law enforcement agencies to the storm. The findings from this research are reported here in a lessons‐learned format to inform law enforcement disaster response policy.     

Globalization and legal change: The “Americanization” of European law?

Intensified global economic competition, economic liberalization, and the rise of EU governance have led some observers to argue that there has been a trend toward the “Americanization” of the European “way of law.” This article addresses that contention, focusing on legal change in European member states. It first describes ways in which the American legal tradition has differed most sharply from the national legal systems of Western Europe (including Great Britain) and the political and economic factors that account for this “American legal distinctiveness.” Similar political and economic factors currently are at work in Europe, the article acknowledges, creating incentives for legal convergence. But it also argues that European legal culture and the political organization of European national states generate path‐dependent forces that impede European movement toward American ways of law, and it discusses six important differences between European and American law that remain entrenched and are unlikely to disappear.     

Measuring the capability to raise revenue: process and output dimensions and their application to the Zambia Revenue Authority

The worldwide diffusion of the good governance agenda and new public management (NPM) principles has triggered a renewed focus on state capability and, more specifically, on the capability to raise revenue in developing countries. However, the analytical tools for a comprehensive understanding of the capability to raise revenue remain underdeveloped. This article aims at filling this gap and presents a model consisting of the three process dimensions ‘information collection and processing’, ‘merit orientation’ and ‘administrative accountability’. ‘Revenue performance’ constitutes the fourth capability dimension which assesses tax administrations' output. This model is applied to the case of the Zambia Revenue Authority (ZRA). The dimensions prove to be valuable not only for assessing the how much but also the how of collecting taxes. They can be a useful tool for future comparative analyses of tax administrations' capabilities in developing countries. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.