A Glimpse of Medieval Curonian Vernacular Architecture in Egils Saga SkallagrÍMssonar

Interviews were conducted with native Russian and Finnish speakers living in Estonia to examine their perspectives on language policy and usage. The aim was to paint a picture of how they perceived Estonian language policy, providing an insight into the cognitive frameworks within which they work, and into the social and historical factors shaping their discursive environments. For Finnish informants, official monolingualism was not normal, while de facto monolingualism seemed to be. For Russian speakers, the opposite seemed true: those interviewed accepted Estonian's official status but wanted to see more use of Russian ‘on the ground’. Their perspectives reflect their worldviews, which have been shaped by their personal, family, and community realities and experiences.     

日本“国家正常化”与美国的东亚地缘战略

战后,由于美军单独占领日本,美国占领当局直接主导了日本的非法西斯化改革,日本的对外政策也被纳入美国的东亚地缘战略框架内。正因如此,战后日本的"国家正常化"进程与美国的亚洲地缘战略密切联系在一起。冷战时期,日本充当美国在亚洲的"冷战"哨兵,日本在"旧金山体制"下获得"独立"和国际空间。冷战结束后,美国推行全球霸权战略,日本乘机加强与美国的军事同盟关系,扩展自主权。尤其进入21世纪,日本通过参与美国的"反恐"战争,实现了海外派兵。近年来美国实施战略东移和"亚太再平衡",日本借机加快修宪活动和军事"解禁",加速日本"国家正常化"的步伐。     

Muted criticism in Egypt (part 1)

Egypt, the heart of the Arab world, is the dominant player in Arab‐Israeli and inter‐Arab affairs. Close scrutiny of political and intellectual trends in Egypt tells us much about these trends throughout the Arab world. Reporting from a country such as Egypt, which has an authoritarian form of government, presents problems for journalists and researchers. There is much criticism of the government, but it is muted, often lying just below the surface. One must try to discern the underlying political reality without seeming to criticize the government. Journalists who are considered pro‐Israel are viewed with suspicion. Journalists who ask probing questions may be classified as pro‐Israel. This study examines the complex fabric of Egyptian political reality through interviews with prominent intellectuals and government leaders. The interviews focus on crucial areas of foreign policy.     

法律规范的意义、结构及表达——一种实证的分析理论

规范性是法律的基本意义或重要特征.法律规范作为关于法律规范性的概念,不仅承载着解说法律规范性来源的理论使命,也作为法律规范性实现的基本条件之规定担当着诠释实证主义法学或"强制"或"规范"的法律规范理论的重任.实证主义法学从"法律之内"解读法律规范性的努力,使法律规范不仅是与道德没有必然联系的逻辑的和观念的意义结构体,而且有自己特殊的表达或表现.对法律规范的概念意义、逻辑结构体及其效力表达进行动态或静态的考察和分析有助于我们系统和深入地认识法律规范问题,进而深化关于法律概念及实践的理论探讨.     

反腐败重在靠法制

反腐败重在靠法制是基于 :当前反腐败斗争实践和社会主义初级阶段国情的选择 ;法制建设在斗争中的特点和优势 ;依法治国 ,建设社会主义法治国家 ,为靠法制防治腐败提供了有利条件等几个方面。反腐败要重在靠法制约束和规范权力 ,并要注意解决好若干具体问题。     

论保安服务业的发展和规范管理

保安业在历史发展中有不同模式。旧中国保安组织带有浓厚的封建色彩,新中国保安业是协助公安机关预防和打击违法犯罪的治安辅助力量。随着社会经济的发展和改革开放的深入,保安业管理的诸多方面已不适应现实需要。我们应当按照保安业的性质与市场规律,依据保安服务管理条例的规定,立足改革,加强监管,面向市场,促进发展,逐步完善对保安业的监督管理,为经济社会发展服务,为社会治安防范工作服务。     

Beauty is not always better: perfect babies and the tyranny of paediatric norms

During the early twentieth century, better baby contests were all the rage at agricultural fairs across the United States. Inaugurated at the Iowa State Fair in 1911, when progressive female reformers decided that the time had come to apply the techniques of breeding superior cattle, horses and hogs to infants, better baby contests stood at the crux of several overlapping trends of modern medicine and culture. One facet of a burgeoning eugenics movement, the contests were based on emergent notions of race betterment that increasingly focused on reproduction, sexuality and children. They also reflected and helped to promote the solidification of paediatrics as a medical profession dedicated to the unique physiological organism of the child. Stern examines the dynamic better baby campaign launched during the 1920s in Indiana, and argues that the norms utilized to test, measure and assess the young contestants were representative of a new optics of perfectibility. No longer judged by their apparent beauty and fulsomeness, babies began to be gauged by indicators, such as height-weight ratios and mental tests, that generated invisible statistical abstractions. The contests were critical to the severing of the Victorian association between beauty and physical perfection, ushering in a new way of visualizing the health and vigour of children. Furthermore, they were vehicles of racialization, as physicians and nurses determined deviation and difference according to scales and charts for which white, urban middle-class children had served as the objective base-line subjects. Stern raises questions about the complicated optics of race, medicine and heredity, and suggests that eugenic projects in the early twentieth century have left an intractable and often insidious mark on paediatric norms of child development.     

美国成年人监护法的改革及对我国未来民法典之借鉴意义

改革前的美国成年人监护法,侧重保护交易安全,维护社会利益.设置监护后,行为能力被全面剥夺或受限成为当然结果.自六十年代起,美国的学者们对成年人监护制度进行了深刻的反思,改革后的成年人监护法即是这种一流智慧的积淀.在认定欠缺能力需要设置监护后对欠缺能力者的行为能力范围进行预先宣告,力图做到宣告的行为能力与被宣告者实际的行为能力相一致.从"全面监护"到"有限监护"可以用来描述美国改革所取得之成果.从"抽象的人"到"具体的人",作为近代民法过渡到现代民法之本质表现,也可以用来描述美国改革所取得之成果.美国改革的上述经验,对我国具有重要的借鉴意义!     

对我国创业板市场规范化发展的几点检讨与反思

如果我们承认良好的法律制度是市场推进及解决一个时代所面临的难题不可缺少的规则平台,那么为了确保法律自恰性与可消费性,这种由规则组合而成的制度就必须精雕细刻,并顺从＂慢工出细活＂的常识。虽然根深蒂固的重实践而屈法的传统有益于一解法律无为的燃眉之急,但这无疑也是对法治精神的疏离。创业板市场立法的滞后与不周就暴露出了我国法治建设欠缺整体与系统性规划问题的冰山一角。客观地从创业板市场的功能及其历史使命出发来进行法律的补缺与完善是立法者的职责所在。     

关于经侦执法规范化发展路径的思考

随着依法治国的全面推进,人民群众对社会公平正义提出了更高的要求,经侦执法环境发生了重大变化,公安经侦部门面临着新形势、新任务和新挑战。为深化经侦执法规范化,应着力完善执法办案体系,以制度促规范;着力优化执法管理体系,以监督促规范;着力健全执法培训体系,以能力促规范;着力夯实执法保障体系,以保障促规范。