Foundation Ownership and Financial Performance: Do Companies Need Owners?

A curious ownership structure is found in Northern Europe—foundations that own and operate business companies. The foundations are non-profit entities, they have no members and no owners, and they cannot be dissolved. In many cases, these entities control more than 50% of the votes in successful international companies. Obviously, this structure completely blocks the market for corporate control, but it also violates other basic principles of agency theory and corporate finance. Nevertheless, we present evidence that a sample of foundation-owned companies listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange are at least as efficient as other listed companies in terms of risk adjusted stock returns, accounting returns and Tobins Q. Thus, they question whether profit-seeking ownership is a necessary condition for competitive enterprise.JEL Classification: D23, G34, L31     

WTO规则下我国竞争法的调适与发展

竞争法律制度在一个国家经济发展中起着极为重要的作用,素有“经济宪法”之称。入世后,在知识经济和经济全球化的背景下,各种各样的不正当竞争行为、限制竞争行为以及垄断行为对我国经济的健康发展带来了愈来愈严峻的挑战,完善与发展我国竞争法律制度已经成为全社会共同关注的课题。本文立足我国具体国情,从立法层面和具体法律制度层面上提出了我国竞争法律制度的“适世”和发展策略。     

论法律适用中的"契约自由"原则——国际合同的自体法

肇始于16世纪的"意思自治"理论,标志着合同准据法理论发展的里程碑,即客观论向主观论的发展,特别是以意思自治为主、辅之以最密切联系原则的合同自体法理论的提出,更是将合同准据法理论推向一个前所未有的高度,它一改过去合同法律适用的机械性做法,强调尊重当事人自主意识,并将契约当做一个整体来看待,体现了国际私法合同法律适用的潮流和趋势。     

论1989年《环境保护法》之历史功绩与历史局限性

198 9年《环境保护法》作为我国环境保护的基本法 ,在我国环境保护事业的发展中发挥了巨大的作用 ,也为我国法律体系的发展与完善作出了应有的贡献。但是 ,随着时代的发展 ,它也有着不可避免的历史局限性。因此 ,适时修订《环境保护法》已是大势所趋。     

Parity,Power and Representative Politics: The Elusive Pursuit of Gender Equality in Europe

In recent years the concept of parity democracy has rapidly risen up the European political agenda. Using a threefold typology of sex-quotas, this article undertakes a classification of the measures taken by the 15 old E.U. member states to improve the gender balance in representative assemblies. This is then used as the basis for an exploration of the advantages and disadvantages of the parity approach as a tool to promote gender equality, including the constitutional obstacles which stand in its way. The article goes on to present a comparative study of several national systems in which attempts to achieve parity democracy have been pursued, concluding that, in order to maximise their effectiveness, parity measures must operate within a system of unbiased political structures and be properly adjusted to suit the particularities of individual national electoral regimes.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Commentary</Emphasis>: A Critical Review of Published Competency-to-Confess Measures

The development of standardized assessments for competency-to-confess evaluations has remained largely neglected for the last several decades. Groundbreaking research was conducted on Miranda waivers during the late 1970s, but researchers have failed to sustain programmatic research. This critical review focuses on four published Miranda measures (Comprehension of Miranda Rights, Comprehension of Miranda Rights-Recognition, Comprehension of Miranda Vocabulary, and Function of Rights in Interrogation). When evaluated by contemporary standards, the validation of these measures is very limited. Major improvements are needed for interrater reliability, test–retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity.     

谈道路交通安全立法

我国实行改革开放以来,道路交通迅速发展,对经济、社会发展发挥了重要的推动作用。但是,从总体上看,道路交通发展与经济、社会发展不适应,道路交通安全形势严峻,城市道路拥堵问题日趋严重,在一定程度上制约了经济的发展。因此,以法律规范道路交通安全管理刻不容缓。《道路交通安全法》的颁布是中国道路交通法制建设历程中的一座里程碑,是中国道路交通事业全面走向法治时代的崭新开端。     

法律基础课教学存在的问题与对策

法律基础课教学的核心任务是培养大学生法律意识.随着依法治国方略的确立和中国加入WTO,法律基础课教学诸多方面的问题与不足逐渐显现,找出解决问题的办法与对策,是法律基础课教学实践与改革的需要.     

论知识产权法制对“李约瑟难题”的破解

李约瑟博士提出的近代西方国家为何兴起与中国为何衰落的名的“李约瑟难题”的精神实质,在于探求东西方科技与经济发展动因的差异。知识产权法制对于“李约瑟难题”的破解具有重要的意义。东西方知识产权法制的缺失和奠立是形成和破解这一难题的一把钥匙。关注和研究“李约瑟难题”并从知识产权法制的角度进行破解,对于我国当今的经济建设和法治建设具有重要的启发意义。     

试论在刑事审判中以“参照”方式适用法律

在现行刑法概括性、抽象性的条款较多和法律解释不够系统完善、且滞后的状况下,以"参照"方式适用法律显得十分必要;其目的符合刑法基本原则和量刑一般原则,其本质是法官自由裁量权的具体运用;但需要加以合理规范。