Equal in Poverty,Unequal in Wealth: Ethnic Stratification in Chile,the Mapuche Case

How does ethnic status affect social stratification in Chile? Despite a rich theoretical debate in the literature on social stratification, there is a shortage of empirical approaches to this phenomenon in Latin America. This research note seeks to bridge the analytical gap by describing the social exclusion of indigenous people in Chile. From a case study in La Araucanía region and using statistical techniques to give equal weightings to indigenous and non‐indigenous groups (specifically Mapuches and non‐Mapuches), we attempt to show that given equal socio‐demographic conditions, the incomes of both groups are similar in the low and middle strata, and differentiated in the higher strata.     

我国城市流浪乞讨人员救助制度中亟待解决的几个问题

2003年确立的对城市生活无着的流浪乞讨人员救助制度实施至今暴露出诸多问题,其根本原因在于《救助办法》在制定原则和具体制度上具有先天的立法缺陷。本文认为,流浪乞讨人员救助制度必须合理定位其功能和救助对象,既要保障流浪乞讨人员的合法权利,又要强调流浪乞讨人员本身应承担的法定义务;既要保证救助站作为救助主体的服务性职责的履行,又要赋予救助站和相关部门一定的管理职权以保证救助工作顺利进行;既要对社会弱势群体提供关怀和照顾,又要对其中的违法犯罪行为依法惩处,以此平衡各方的权利（权力）和义务,确保流浪乞讨人员救助制度的良性运作。     

National and Local Vulnerability to Climate‐Related Disasters in Latin America: The Role of Social Asset‐Based Adaptation

The Latin American region is particularly prone to climate‐related natural hazards. However, this article argues that natural hazards are only partly to blame for the region's vulnerability to natural disasters with quantitative evidence suggesting instead that income per capita and inequality are main determinants of natural disaster mortality in Latin America. Locally, the region's poor are particularly susceptible to climate‐related natural hazards. As a result of their limited access to capital, adaptation based on social assets constitutes an effective coping strategy. Evidence from Bolivia and Belize illustrates the importance of social assets in protecting the most vulnerable against natural disasters.     

重视解决高校贫困生的精神贫困问题

随着我国高校收费制度的改革和高等教育的迅猛发展，高校贫困生规模也在逐年增加。贫困生由于经济和生活等条件较差，容易产生自我意识相对迷失、个体心理容易失衡、人际交往面临困境等问题。高校应该对贫困生进行物质和精神双方面扶持，加强精神扶持力度。为此，要从政策关怀、心理关怀、人文关怀、自我关怀等四个方面努力构建贫困生精神关怀助困体系。     

关于深入实施送温暖工程的实践与探索

北京市总工会以群体性、特殊性需求确定帮扶重点,以项目制、普惠制实施专项帮扶,以标准高、京卡发、覆盖全的运作方式解决困难职工的实际困难和需求,以社会化、多元化筹措帮扶资金,大力弘扬"企业帮助企业、家庭帮助家庭、职工帮助职工"的帮扶理念,在实现困难职工帮扶工作的同时不断向服务广大职工拓展延伸。     

GHETTOS,THRESHOLDS, AND CRIME: DOES CONCENTRATED POVERTY REALLY HAVE AN ACCELERATING INCREASING EFFECT ON CRIME?*

Theories make varying predictions regarding the functional form of the relationship between neighborhood poverty and crime rates, ranging from a diminishing positive effect, to a linear positive effect, to an exponentially increasing or even threshold effect. Nonetheless, surprisingly little empirical evidence exists testing this functional form. This study estimates the functional form of the relationship between poverty and various types of serious crime in a sample of census tracts for 25 cities, and it finds that a diminishing positive effect most appropriately characterizes this relationship whether estimating the models nonparametrically or parametrically. Only for the crime of murder does some evidence exist of an accelerating effect, although this occurs in the range of 20 to 40 percent in poverty, with a leveling effect on crime beyond this point of very high poverty. Thus, no evidence is found here in support of the postulate of scholars extending William Julius Wilson's (1987) insight that neighborhoods with very high levels of poverty will experience an exponentially higher rate of crime compared with other neighborhoods.     

见义勇为救济制度立法完善研究

见义勇为乃中华传统美德,但是这种美德在我国却往往得不到应有的回报,勇为者遭受人身与经济的双重损害却无处获得帮助。国家的立法混乱与统一立法的缺乏,导致见义勇为的救济体系岌岌可危。而我国现存救济制度的不足无疑会扼杀此种美德的延续与生存,因此,确立一种国家先行救济与完备社会保障制度相结合的救济体系显得尤为重要。     

论减灾救灾中的社会联动参与机制

社会力量参与是减灾救灾取得成效的重要保障。尽管我国目前已初步形成政府主导、社会参与、优势互补、协同配合的减灾救灾格局,但仍存在诸多问题。针对这些问题,借鉴发达国家经验,应在转变减灾救灾观念的同时加快配套制度建设,构建社会联动参与机制,在减灾救灾中实现社会力量全过程参与,打造自救、互救、公救相结合的减灾救灾网络,即建立政府居中指挥协调,以社区、社会组织、志愿者等社会力量为神经,一点动,全线动的全社会联动参与的减灾救灾机制。     

略论军事监狱制度中人权保障的不足与完善

目前,我国军事监狱在监管方面还存在一些弊端,为了促进国家和军队的监狱制度建设,充分保障犯罪军人的人权,我们应该强化军事监察机关对监狱的监督功能,不断完善军队监狱法律法规体系,推动人权事业向积极的方向发展。