Radiocarbon dating as tool to assist in triaging cases of unidentified human remains in Victoria,Australia: A case series

In cases where human remains are unidentified because there is no initial identification hypothesis, limited contextual information, and/or poor preservation, radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating may be a useful tool to further assist with identification. Through measuring the amount of ¹⁴C remaining in organic material, such as bone, teeth, nail, or hair, radiocarbon dating may provide an estimated year of birth and year of death for a deceased person. This information, may assist in, establishing whether a case of unidentified human remains (UHR) is actually of medicolegal significance and therefore, requires forensic investigation and identification. This case series highlights the application of ¹⁴C dating to seven of the 132 UHR cases in Victoria, Australia. Cortical bone was sampled from each case and the level of ¹⁴C was measured to provide an estimated year of death. Four of the seven cases analyzed contained the levels of ¹⁴C consistent with an archeological timeframe, one contained a level of ¹⁴C consistent with a modern (i.e., of medicolegal significance) timeframe, and the results for the remaining two samples were inconclusive. Applying this technique not only reduced the number of UHR cases in Victoria but also has investigative, cultural, and practical implications for medicolegal casework in general.     

论党在延安时期的学习运动及其历史意义

中国共产党在延安时期发动了一场包括党、政、军、民、学的,民众团体中的工作干部和学校里的工作干部都在内的在职干部学习运动。这场学习运动的开展,是中共历史上提高干部理论素养、知识储备和工作能力的一次创造性的成功实践。它的开展对于中共冲破教条主义的束缚,卓有成效地推进党的建设“伟大的工程”发挥了极为重要的作用。     

《论语》中的行政思想及其现实意义

在《论语》中,我们可以看到许多现代行政管理的思想的相应的萌芽形式及其基本价值观念,如德政的思想,任人唯贤的思想,仁者爱人的思想,正人先正己的思想,以义驭利的思想等。学习借鉴这些思想,有利于行政管理的研究吸收古代行政管理思想的精华,推动行政管理实践的顺利进行。     

The Evidentiary Significance of Automotive Paint from the Northeast: A Study of Red Paint

This population study was conducted to assess the frequency of physical, microscopical, and chemical properties of automotive paint chips. Population studies of trace evidence provide valuable analytical data for criminalists to assess evidentiary significance. Two‐hundred automotive paint chips were collected from auto body shops from the Northeastern United States. All samples were analyzed using stereomicroscopy, brightfield, and polarized light microscopy. Red paints were targeted for further analysis using a sequence of modern instrumental techniques commonly used by forensic paint examiners: Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), Raman, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) microspectroscopy. The discrimination potential of each analytical method was evaluated by inter‐comparing the paint samples. Results demonstrated that macroscopic and microscopic properties were able to differentiate 99.995% of the population (one undifferentiated pair out of 19,900). When combined with either FT‐IR or UV–Vis microspectroscopy, all paints were differentiated. The results of this research lead to the conclusion that one would not expect to encounter two indistinguishable paint chips originating from different sources during the investigation of a single event.     

邓小平中国化的马克思主义哲学的实践哲学特质

邓小平中国化的马克思主义实践观在理论上对实践主体与客体进行的界划和以合乎历史必然性的实践改变不合理的实践的思想,鲜明地凸现出辩证唯物主义“改造世界”的功能。邓小平的“不争论”等著名观点,蕴含了十分丰富而深邃的实践精神。     

论毛泽东的独立自主思想

毛泽东独立自主思想的精神实质是把马克思主义的普遍真理同中国的具体实际结合起来,走自己的路。独立自主地走自己的路,必须在坚持实事求是、群众路线和促使矛盾转化上下功夫,必须确立全心全意为人民服务、敢于创新、敢于胜利、艰苦奋斗和只争朝夕的精神境界。     

The admissibility and persuasiveness of expert evidence

Parenting plan evaluators are expert witnesses who offer their opinion. Courts in common law jurisdictions generally do not accept evidence of an opinion as it is not considered to be reliable evidence from which to establish a fact. An exception to that general principle is expert opinion evidence. In short, an opinion from a person with specialized knowledge or expertise about the area in which they are an expert may be sufficiently reliable to form an evidentiary basis from which to make a finding of fact, provided the opinion meets certain criteria. These criteria will be discussed in this article, as well as what is relevant, reliable and persuasive evidence. The relevant legal principles will be examined in an historical and contemporary, theoretical and practical context. The authors reflect on their considerable experience as consumers of expert evidence and apply this to parenting plan evaluations, as well as considering future challenges in the field.