Daily life and family in an Ottoman urban context: Historiographical stakes and new research perspectives

The Ottoman history of the family and of everyday life is presently experiencing deep theoretical and methodological renewals. Following the discovery of new archival resources, and the application of new questionings to previously known resources, the field is the object of an intense research investment. The horizon of expectation has enlarged, as renewed interpretations on tradition, Islam and their influence on everyday life, family, communal, urban and gender relations are the object of intense speculations in the contemporary intellectual panorama. The object of this article, conceived as an introduction to a thematic issue of the journal guest-edited by the authors, is first to draw a panorama of the existing literature on everyday life in an Ottoman context, with an attention to the successive methodological approaches and theoretical elaborations of which the field has been the support of, and then to identify the main stakes for today's research. The authors also argue that, in the present international panorama of research on those themes, not only is the Ottoman Empire an interesting application field for innovative methods, but might also be at the heart of a deep renewal, with at stake the discussion of the heritage of culturalist visions of history and of paradigms such as center/periphery relations and modernization.     

‘Women in Church,Men at the Public House’: religious experience in Romanian society, 1700–1830

This study analyzes religious practices in the Romanian lands in the long eighteenth century. Research for it was based on a series of largely unpublished archival documents which illustrate ordinary people's attitudes to faith, magic, superstition and the church. In periods of instability and insecurity, quite understandably, as daily worries become more acute, faith and religion step in to offer spiritual comfort. This study looks at spiritual practices in the Romanian old regime and explores the ways in which women and men used them as focal points for building sociability and solidarity networks.     

The Classification of Inkjet Inks Using AccuTOF™ DART™ (Direct Analysis in Real Time) Mass Spectrometry—A Preliminary Study

A novel approach for the analysis of inkjet inks is being reported. A time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer, coupled with a Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART?) ion source (AccuTOF? DART?), was used to determine if inkjet inks from various manufacturers and models of printers could be reliably differentiated, characterized, and identified. A total of 217 ink standards were analyzed. As inkjet printing often involves the use of multiple colors (e.g., cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) to form an image or text, two different approaches to creating a library of standards and sampling methods were evaluated for implementation in a standard operating procedure. This research will show that a microscopic examination of the region of interest is requisite to identify what colors were utilized during the printing process, prior to comparing with known standards. Finally, blind testing was administered with 10 unknown samples to assess the validity and accuracy of the methodology.     

Validation study of endogenous reference genes for normalization of quantitative real time PCR data in post mortem skin tissue

Gene expression profiling may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying wound skin repair contributing to applications in the field of post mortem forensic wound age estimation. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is the most sensitive technique for gene expression studies but represents a complex procedure with several requirements for accurate data analysis. One of the major pre-requisites is the selection and validation of appropriate endogenous control genes for normalization in a given set of samples. In this study, the gene expression stabilities of ten endogenous controls ACTß, ß2M, PPIA, GAPDH, HPRT1, PGK1, SDHA, TBP, UBC, and YWHAZ were evaluated in two sets of samples: post mortem human wounded and unwounded skin tissue aimed for subsequent wound age estimation studies. The most stable genes were determined by calculating a gene expression normalization factor for each sample based on the geometric mean of the ten selected genes using the reference gene validation software, geNorm. In uninjured skin, the most stable endogenous controls were YWAZ, with the highest stability, followed by PGK1 and GAPDH. In the wounded samples, GAPDH was the most stable gene followed by PGK1, ACTß and HPRT1. Both groups revealed some differences relative to reference gene expression stabilities, nevertheless, PGK1 and GAPDH could serve as two possible common reference genes for qPCR data normalization as both were identified as stable genes in wounded and unwounded skin tissues. The differences of expression stabilities of the reference genes identified in both groups support the need for accurate normalization of gene-expression levels previous to qPCR studies.     

虚拟社会的现实化管控

随着信息化时代的到来,互联网的普及使得虚拟社会这一概念进入人们的视线中。在虚拟社会影响人类生活的同时,虚拟社会的秩序管控问题也成为公安工作的新难点。文章从虚拟社会与现实社会的区别与联系入手,探究传统侦查手段在虚拟社会中的新应用,以此为解决虚拟社会的现实管控问题提供新的视角。     

Interdisciplinary Programs in Community and Applied Research

SUMMARY

This article describes the critical role of interdisciplinary programs in addressing the mission of the Society for Community Research and Action. In the past decade, interdisciplinary approaches to graduate education have increased in importance yet the makeup of the Society does not reflect this change. The mission, organization, and curriculum focus of five programs are described. They include human development and family studies, social welfare, law/psychology, and community-social psychology. Prevention research and program evaluation are highlighted as key areas for program development.     

新生代农民工精神文化生活研究——以北京市为例

当前北京市新生代农民工的精神文化生活呈现出“一低一高”的特点,即“整体水平低、整体需求高”。经济收入与结余相对较低,闲暇时间与工作强度不对称．社交网络较为单一。社会参与成效不明显,因而制约了新生代农民工精神文化生活水平的提升。丰富提升新生代农民工精神文化生活应以政府部门为先导,做好“转方式、强服务”的基础工作;以基层团组织为依托,打造“全覆盖、重参与”的工作格局;以社区为阵地,加强“共分享、促德育”的文化功能;以社会资源为补充,形成“聚合力,共推进”的良好氛围。     

The Prevalence of Encoded Digital Trace Evidence in the Nonfile Space of Computer Media,,

Forensically significant digital trace evidence that is frequently present in sectors of digital media not associated with allocated or deleted files. Modern digital forensic tools generally do not decompress such data unless a specific file with a recognized file type is first identified, potentially resulting in missed evidence. Email addresses are encoded differently for different file formats. As a result, trace evidence can be categorized as Plain in File (PF), Encoded in File (EF), Plain Not in File (PNF), or Encoded Not in File (ENF). The tool bulk_extractor finds all of these formats, but other forensic tools do not. A study of 961 storage devices purchased on the secondary market and shows that 474 contained encoded email addresses that were not in files (ENF). Different encoding formats are the result of different application programs that processed different kinds of digital trace evidence. Specific encoding formats explored include BASE64, GZIP, PDF, HIBER, and ZIP.     

理解“安乐死”,为“安乐死”在我国的实施创造条件

“安乐死”的本质是为减轻患绝症的病人在精神上和肉体上的极端痛苦,有利于减轻其家属负担,符合优生、优死的唯物主义认识论。“安乐死”不存在现实的社会危害,没有损害绝症患者的生命权,是尊重个体生命权的体现。脑死亡法即将在我国出台,为安乐死的实施创造了条件。     

维护劳动者生命的伦理学框架分析

近些年,涉及劳动者生命道德问题的事件不断发生,劳动者的生命无论是其神圣性、质量还是生命的价值都面临严峻的挑战.事件的发生有其深刻的伦理社会根源,分析其中存在的问题,构建有利于劳动者生命尊严的伦理学框架是一项重要工作.