农业规模经营模式选择

实现农业规模经营是农业结构调整的一项重要内容。农业规模经营存在诸多约束条件,要选择符合本地区的农业规模经营模式。     

加快推进我国城镇化需要正确处理的几个关系

加快推进我国城镇化，要正确处理城镇化与城区扩张的关系，城镇化不是城镇区城的简单扩张；正确处理城镇规模和城镇数量的关系，主旋律应当是扩张现有城镇规模；城镇化与城镇个性的关系，要突出城镇个性、张扬个性；城镇建设中硬环境和软环境的关系，硬环境是载体，软环境是灵魂；城镇化与区城经济发展的关系,建立城镇集群与区城发展的内生性机制。     

Street-level Enforcement Style: A Multidimensional Measurement Instrument

This study investigates street-level bureaucrats’ enforcement style and its underlying dimensions by developing and validating a multidimensional measurement scale. Developing a measurement scale for enforcement style is relevant because the number of underlying dimensions is contested and studies developing measurement scales are scarce. This complicates cross-sector and cross-national comparisons. Using a survey among inspectors of the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, street-level enforcement style is found to comprising three dimensions: (1) legal, (2) facilitation, and (3) accommodation. This study contributes to more validated measurement instruments by presenting a 13-item measure that can be used to study street-level bureaucrats’ enforcement style.     

Vladimir Iowa Lenin,Part 1: A Bolshevik Studies American Agriculture

A busy year for Russian revolutionary Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, 1917 also marked the publication of his study of American agriculture. The report reads as more than a historical curiosity, offering insights, however era-bounded, on a variety of topics of substantive and epistemological interest today. Lenin writes of the history of American agriculture, its dynamic regionalism, and its sector-specific class conflicts. Along the way, despite his obvious structural tendencies, we meet an anti-foundational author who, while upbraiding bourgeois economists for their expedient technicism, often in scathing terms, also warns that sweeping conclusions about the sizes of farm and capitalization are problematic in the face of historically dependent and contradictory trends. Here, in the first of the paper’s two parts, we begin to place Lenin’s project in the broader stream of critical agrarian studies, including the classic contrast with agricultural economist Alexander Chayanov, but also the diseconomies of modern agriculture, the biological limits on industrializing food production, and Stalin’s “dekulakization” campaign. Our aims here are more than academic. The exploration is framed by the roles the structure of agriculture and its impacts on its participants play in political change, from elections to revolution.     

The predictive power of the left-right self-placement scale for the policy positions of voters and parties

The left-right self-placement scale is often used in political science as a proxy for the policy positions of voters and parties. Yet studies have suggested that, for voters, this relation is dependent on education level. These studies were, however, hampered by data limitations and restricted statistical analyses. In addition, the extent to which the relation between the left-right self-placement scale and policy positions differs for parties and voters has not been explored. This article looks at the differential relation between left-right self-placement and policy positions for voters with different education levels on an integrated dataset containing over 50 voter and party policy positions. It is found that the left-right self-placement scale is a much better predictor for the policy positions of parties than it is for the policy preferences of voters. Robustness checks show that neither the saliency of the policy positions nor their complexity moderates these findings.     

The Use of Liquid Latex to Recover Latent Fingerprints that are Covered in Debris from Exterior Glass Surfaces of Vehicles

The purpose of this research is to determine if latent fingerprints deposited on the exterior glass surfaces of vehicles, then covered in debris, can be recovered. Past research used liquid latex to lift soot to recover trace evidence. Recently, liquid latex has been used to recover latent fingerprints along the bottom of vehicles. In this study, a total of 216 latent fingerprints were deposited on the exterior windows of three vehicles. Three control and three experimental latent fingerprints were placed on each side window. The vehicles collected debris for either 2, 3, or 4 weeks. After debris collection, liquid latex was applied to the experimental sections. The underlying fingerprints were developed with white granular powder. Control fingerprints were developed directly with white granular powder. A chi-square test revealed a significant difference in fingerprint recovery between the control and liquid latex method (X² = 9.026, d.f. = 1, p = 0.003). An odds ratio determined that the control method increases the probability of latent fingerprint recovery by 2.68. Fisher's exact test indicated that there is no statistically significant difference between the detail of the recovered control and experimental fingerprints (p = 0.065). This study demonstrates that recovery of fingerprints is possible using the liquid latex method; however, the control method recovers more fingerprints on the glass exterior of vehicles. If latent fingerprints are thought to be present on the exterior glass surfaces of vehicles, the control method should be used to improve vehicle processing by investigators.     

Visions of National Service

While national service enjoys broad support across the political spectrum, the actual goals of programs such as AmeriCorps remain somewhat amorphous. Based on a set of interviews with both experienced. practitioners and key thought leaders in the field, four competing visions of national service are detailed. The article suggests that national service has alternatively been seen as a way to promote an active and engaged citizenship, accelerate the personal growth of the young people in the programs, build social capital in communities, and meet critical social needs through public work. These four competing visions can and do coexist in practice, which helps to explain the widespread and enduring popularity of the idea of national service in America.

我国乡镇建制规模、职能定位与机构设置思考

“乡镇”作为国家依法设置的一种地方行政建制,已成为当今世界许多国家管理农村行政事务和为农民提供公共产品服务的通行做法。而我国自秦朝至清末的两千多年,“皇权止于县政”,乡里制度集中地反映了宗法性与行政性的高度整合。进入20世纪的一百年,“乡镇”虽然成为我国县以下的地方行政建制,但是一直存在着政党政治与政府政治互相交叉、国家政权与农民自治互相渗透、乡镇行政体制与财政体制互相脱节的问题。当前,我们应站在政府体制创新与经济市场化进程相适应的高度去认识和把握乡镇改革的基本方向,科学地、审慎地对待“撤并乡镇”的问题,决不能再搞“一刀切”。     

Jurisdiction size and local government effectiveness: Assessing the effects of municipal amalgamations on performance

The optimal jurisdiction size has been debated since Plato and Aristotle. A large literature has studied economic and democratic scale effects, but we have almost no knowledge of the effects of jurisdiction size on the effectiveness of local services. This is due to two methodological problems. First, selection bias and reverse causality often render change in jurisdiction size an endogenous variable. Second, there is a lack of empirical indicators of effectiveness, and most studies therefore focus on spending measures. Extant research thus studies economies of scale, leaving effectiveness of scale unexamined. We address both problems in a quasi-experimental study of public schools. Our findings from the school area indicate that jurisdiction size does not have systematic effects on effectiveness. Our analysis therefore supports recent studies of economic and democratic scale effects that indicate that the search for the optimal jurisdiction size is futile.     

简易精神症状自陈量表对主观夸大精神症状的测试分析

目的 应用简易精神症状自陈量表检测法医精神鉴定中主观夸大精神症状的情况,并分析其测试结果。方法 对206名不同类型的法医精神鉴定的被鉴定人用该量表进行检测．并由两名鉴定专业人员对被鉴定人是否有主观夸大精神症状分别进行评定。结果 （1）以该量表判断主观故意或夸大精神症状的划界分（13分）对测试的被鉴定人进行检测,206例被鉴定人中有71例被判定为主观夸大精神症状（34．5％）。与专家评定的结果相比,量表评定的假阴性为19．8％,假阳性率为1．7％;总准确率为90．8％。（2）工伤和交通事故精神伤残理赔鉴定案例主观夸大精神症状的比例较高（51％）。结论 简易精神症状自陈量表是检测主观夸大精神症状的有效评定工具。