法律解释之社会学方法浅析

法律规则可能存在聚合现象也可能竞合还可能相互冲突,法律解释就是化解这一尴尬处境的有效途径之一。社会学法律解释方法立足于法律的社会效果,社会目的或社会利益成为进行法律解释的重要尺度,但也并不否认法律自身的效果。社会学解释方法有助于实现法律效果与社会效果的统一。     

权力概念的法理重释

从公法学立场来看,权力是由国家所垄断和专属的,它附属于国家,又被称为公权力。法律对公权力的规范是通过权力制衡来完成的。然而,事实上的权力不仅仅只有公权力一种,它可以分为政治学模式下的权力、经济学模式下的权力和社会学模式下的权力。尤其需要重视的是社会学模式下权力的多元化和微观化所带给我们的启示,微观权力理论有助于我们深入理解法律是如何通过对权力逻辑的把握而实践的,必须认真对待权力。     

Weapon Lethality and Social Distance: A National Test of a Social Structural Theory

Three paradigms can be used to explain weapon lethality: rational choice and deterrence theory; social learning and cultural theory; and opportunity and prevalence theory. Each makes distinct predictions regarding the economic, psychological, and environmental factors that affect the use of weapons. Despite their merits, the sum of knowledge about violence and weapons may be increased by exploring the influence of variables derived from another paradigm: pure sociology. Black’s theory of retaliation and Cooney’s principle of predation provide the underpinning for a social structural‐based theoretical principle of weapon lethality. Building on those ideas, we propose that the lethality of weapons involved in interpersonal violence increases as the offenders and victims become less intimate and less alike culturally. Using National Crime Victimization Survey data, we test two hypotheses derived from this principle and primarily find support of the proposed social structural principle.     

社会学语境的农村建设

任何社会发展都是社会结构分化和社会适应能力不断提高的过程。农村、农业、农民作为一个复杂的社会系统，其发展不仅包括农民物质生活水平的提高，而且包括农民道德文化水平的提升。科学发展观是“以人为本”的发展观，是全面、协调、可持续的发展观，运用科学发展观对新农村建设进行系统分析是十分必要的。     

How Well Do We Know Max Weber After All? A New Look at Max Weber and His Anglo-German Family Connections

Guenther Roth's study places Max Weber in an intricate network of ties among members of his lineage. This paper presents core findings of Roth's analysis of Weber's family relations, discusses the validity of Roth's core theses and some of the implications of his analysis for Weber as a person and scholar, and addresses how Roth's book may influence future approaches to Weber's sociology.     

大学生社团社会学角度之考察

高校中大学生社团的存在,对未参加社团的大学生来说,不仅作为一种文化环境而发生作用,而且还构成一种具体的参照,在此参照下,他们能更好地判断自己,促进自己;对参加社团的大学生来说,在发展特长、学习知识技术、满足交友需要、锻炼身体等方面,都起到了相当的作用,其价值是突出的。     

The communicative constitution of representation and exclusion

In the light of current debate on representation, specifically engaging with literature showing how representation is communicatively constituted, this paper empirically shows how exclusion also can be seen as communicatively constituted. The interpretive approach toward communication employed in this study presents new insights on how, for citizens, government communicates its responsiveness, and how citizens' interpretations that arise from these communications make sense. Dutch citizens who evaluate government responsiveness as low were interviewed to explore their views. The respondents evaluate government responsiveness on the basis of a set of engagements with government. These engagements are conceptualized in terms of four types of encounter – forms in which government manifests itself to citizens. By ‘thinking with’ these encounters, citizens relegate institutions and processes of representative democracy to the margins of political reality. Situating citizens outside of democratic politics, these interpretations imply the experience of exclusion, despite apparently functioning democratic institutions and processes.     

法律的自治与开放——当代美国法社会学方法论变革导论

研究当代美国法社会学的方法论变革有助于揭示其知识增量,并可能为中国法社会学提供理论资源。方法论是指对方法的研究或理论分析,即把方法组织成一个体系并予以理论说明。由于一个学科的所有理论和方法论都围绕该学科的核心问题而组织,并通过继承与批判传统而逐步演进,因此方法论研究应揭示主导变化的核心线索和变化所蕴含的学术意义。法社会学的核心问题是法律与社会的关系。法社会学以社会学视角破除法学的法律自治观念,证明法律领域的开放性。当代美国法社会学通过方法论变革批判了"法律与社会"的模式,使法律与社会的关系以及法律的自治与开放获得新的解释。     

司法行为及其选择的文化注释——以转型司法中的中国法官为例

转型司法中的中国法官,其司法行为不仅会受当下中国特定的社会--文化情境的影响,而且还更多地要受到一种"清官文化"的因素制约;也即在公共的法律生活中,其任何司法行为的做出,除了回应特定的社会--文化情境系统的要求之外,也更反映出了法官对自身名誉的特别爱惜以及对社会评价的特别注意,同时也是为了尽可能好地完成司法任务并尽可能少的给自己惹麻烦.正是在"清官文化"这一文化容器中,不仅社会--文化的情境性因素作用到了法官的身上,而且,也正是在这一文化的信仰网络里,达致了纠纷中的民众以及其他社会力量对于法官角色期待的均衡.     

Organising Global Stratification: How International Organisations (Re)Produce Inequalities in International Society

ABSTRACT

The article makes the case for scrutinising international organisations (IOs) as key sites and agents of inequality reproduction and transformation in international society. Drawing on sociological inequality research and institutionalist approaches to International Relations, we argue that IOs reproduce and transform broader stratification patterns in their global social environment through intertwined processes of categorisation and distribution. We propose to capture these twin processes from three observation points, which highlight different material and symbolic practices operating within IOs and at the interface between IOs and their environment.