法律解释之社会学方法浅析

法律规则可能存在聚合现象也可能竞合还可能相互冲突,法律解释就是化解这一尴尬处境的有效途径之一。社会学法律解释方法立足于法律的社会效果,社会目的或社会利益成为进行法律解释的重要尺度,但也并不否认法律自身的效果。社会学解释方法有助于实现法律效果与社会效果的统一。     

军事社会学研究的逻辑起点之我见

“军队与社会的关系”应作为军事社会学研究的逻辑起点.其一,它符合逻辑起点质和量的规定性;其二,它符合逻辑起点应承担一定社会关系的要求;其三,它包含军事社会学发展的一切矛盾的萌芽.     

Weapon Lethality and Social Distance: A National Test of a Social Structural Theory

Three paradigms can be used to explain weapon lethality: rational choice and deterrence theory; social learning and cultural theory; and opportunity and prevalence theory. Each makes distinct predictions regarding the economic, psychological, and environmental factors that affect the use of weapons. Despite their merits, the sum of knowledge about violence and weapons may be increased by exploring the influence of variables derived from another paradigm: pure sociology. Black’s theory of retaliation and Cooney’s principle of predation provide the underpinning for a social structural‐based theoretical principle of weapon lethality. Building on those ideas, we propose that the lethality of weapons involved in interpersonal violence increases as the offenders and victims become less intimate and less alike culturally. Using National Crime Victimization Survey data, we test two hypotheses derived from this principle and primarily find support of the proposed social structural principle.     

群体性上访事件中上访主体非理性行为的社会学思考

群体性上访事件上访主体非理性行为的产生有着多方面的原因,与社会张力增大、利益诉求机制的不健全有着紧密的联系。从增加社会公平、减少社会张力、完善利益诉求机制的角度着手可以有效预防和应对上访主体的非理性行为。     

School Disorder and Student Achievement

Abstract

The study develops a school safety and student achievement model, incorporating the concepts of student background, school structure, school culture, school disorder, and student academic achievement, and fits it to 613 elementary schools in New York City, using Structural Equations Modeling technique. The model fits the data well based on both Chi-square test statistic and goodness of fit indexes. The model accounts for 71% of school variance in student achievement. The study confirms that student background is associated with student behavior and student learning. School disorder affects student achievement negatively directly and indirectly mediated by student attendance. The study suggests that policy initiative could be implemented to improve school climate, therefore reduce school disorder and improve student achievement.     

简诺威茨之军队组织变迁研究论析

简诺威茨是美国社会学家和政治学家,被西方学者公认为是军事社会学学科的创立者。在军事研究领域,他运用社会科学特别是社会学的方法,深入研究了在技术革命冲击下军队的组织变迁,涵盖军地关系、军内控制方式、战斗力促成因素、组织控制手段、军队之政治倾向等诸多层面。在我军武器装备不断升级换代、信息化建设不断深入、执行的任务日益多样化的情况下,简诺威茨的军事社会科学理论对我军的现代化建设有一定的启发意义。     

Theories of State Formation and Civilisation in Johann P. Arnason and Shmuel Eisenstadt's Comparative Sociologies of Japan

Abstract

Johann Arnason and Shmuel Eisenstadt's social theories have remarkably different origins. Yet each has moved onto common ground with the other over a period of time. They meet in historical sociology in dialogue over theories of state formation and images of civilisation. Each is engaged in a project of revising civilisations sociology that reaches an apex with the comparative study of Japan. Their groundbreaking contributions can be read critically against a wider background of debates about postcolonialism, the reputation of the notion of civilisation and the state of area studies in the humanities and social sciences.