Canguilhem and the problem of pathology

This article examines continuities and change in Cangilhem's thought with particular reference to the status of biology and sociology and to the theme of intellectual and social progress. It is suggested that one of the central issues of Cangilhem's writings is an attempt to work through the problems raised by the programme of Comtean positivism. The fact that Canguilhem's reflections were not completely unambigous is dusscussed through an examination of those parts his work which deal directly or indirectly with pathology.     

Sovereigns and citizens? The contested status of American Indian tribal nations and their members

American Indian tribal members are citizens of both tribal nations and the larger national body. Tribal nations' contemporary resurgence has made tribal citizenship politically visible, materially significant, and politically contested. Conflicts about tribal members' status are not merely racial or ethnic in character, but reflect fundamental tensions between settler societies and indigenous survivors who challenge national narratives and demand collective rights. Tribal members' dual citizenships and the conflict about them are the result of discordant federal policy legacies, tenacious tribal survival, and the erosion of racial barriers to citizenship. Differences between ethnonational tribal citizenship and republican-based US citizenship fuel public criticism in the context of widespread ignorance about treaties and tribal rights. Crucially, while legal and political dimensions of citizenship have been partly extended to tribal members, they remain excluded from the national identity.     

法社会学研究的新视域——以魏晋南北朝王僧孺谱学为中心

魏晋南北朝时期,谱牒编修蔚为风气。当时所修谱牒的主要内容包括谱主姓名、郡望、官爵、世系、婚姻关系等。这些内容折射出较强的等级差别性和血缘传承性等法社会学特征。魏晋南北朝谱牒本质上是当时社会分层——门阀制度的客观体现。王僧孺是魏晋南北朝时期的谱学名家,亦是中国谱牒学史上著名的王氏谱学的代表人物。以王僧孺谱学为中心展开研究,在历史性考述王僧孺修谱行为的基础上,探析其行为背后的法社会学动因并作出评价,具有法社会学与历史学的双重意义。     

Racial Discrimination and Hirschi's Criminological Classic: A Chapter in the Sociology of Knowledge

In Causes of Delinquency, Travis Hirschi attempted to falsify the strain theory claim that racial discrimination might contribute to the delinquency of African American youths. A reanalysis of the Richmond Youth Project data used in his classic study, however, reveals that perceived racial discrimination is a robust predictor of delinquent involvement. This finding suggests that Hirschi missed a historic opportunity to focus the attention of a generation of criminologists on how the unique experiences of African Americans may shape their criminality. Given the salience of perceived racial bias in the lives of many African Americans, the subsequent neglect by scholars of discrimination as a potential source of crime is a remarkable omission—so much so that it constitutes a significant and as yet untold chapter in the sociology of knowledge.     

军人在社会分层中的位置

社会分层有准,我们能够确定军人在我国社会分层中的基本位置.从军人应有的地位来看,军人对保障国家和社会的和平与安全起着至关重要的作用;军人在国家和社会生活中占有特殊的重要地位;军事劳动的特殊性质决定了军人应当获得较高的"报酬".从军人在我国社会分层中的现实地位来看,在经济方面,军人处于社会分层的中间层次;在政治地位方面,军人在整个社会中的"权力"较低;在社会评价地位方面,军人在整个社会中享有很高的声望.     

我国治安学基本问题研究述评

我国治安学研究领域已逐渐从二元模式走向多元模式 ,治安学研究视角出现了宽泛化倾向 ,社会治安问题、社会秩序问题逐渐成为治安学的主要研究对象和研究重点。鉴于治安学与社会学在研究领域、研究视角、研究对象上的一致性 ,治安学在学科上可归属于社会学的分支学科。     

La vie à l'assemblée,angle mort de la science politique française

Legislative studies are an important branch of political science in the United States and most European countries, but French scholars, during the past twenty years, have somewhat neglected the analysis of parliamentary behaviour. This research note argues that this low interest in the life of national and local assemblies can be explained by the conjunction of two factors: on the one hand, the weakness of parliamentary intervention in France, which results from the increasing importance of the executive branch, at the expenses of assemblies, in the formulation of public policy; on the other, the emancipation of political science from law as well as its openness to the sociological approach during the 1980s and 1990s.     

从断裂到整合:对乡村振兴的政治社会学考察——基于冀西北地区X村的个案研究

在政治社会学的理论视域内,新时代实施乡村振兴战略的关键在于寻求国家与乡村社会的均衡互动。参照社会整合的分析框架以及X村的调研材料可以发现,在现代化的驱动下,历经深层次的社会改造和全方位的市场洗礼之后,当前的乡村社会同时出现了由传统宗族萎缩和村级组织涣散诱发的组织断裂问题、由伦理原则变迁和公共文化式微诱发的文化断裂问题以及由乡绅消亡和精英虚化诱发的精英断裂问题。面对缺乏有机统一性的断裂社会,落实乡村振兴战略必须从有效重整村庄社会入手,依循重建组织资源、复兴公共文化、强化精英供给的实践路径,筑牢与国家正向互动的社会基础,从而使国家与乡村社会的关系达成新的平衡。     

Cultures of high-frequency trading: mapping the landscape of algorithmic developments in contemporary financial markets

Abstract

As part of ongoing work to lay a foundation for social studies of high-frequency trading (HFT), this paper introduces the culture(s) of HFT as a sociological problem relating to knowledge and practice. HFT is often discussed as a purely technological development, where all that matters is the speed of allocating, processing and transmitting data. Indeed, the speed at which trades are executed and data transmitted is accelerating, and it is fair to say that algorithms are now the primary interacting agents operating in the financial markets. However, we contend that HFT is first and foremost a cultural phenomenon. More specifically, both individuals and collective agents – such as algorithms – might be considered cultural entities, charged with very different ways of processing information, making sense of it and turning it into knowledge and practice. This raises issues relating to situated knowledge, distributed cognition and action, the assignment of responsibility when regulating high-speed algorithms, their history, organizational structure and, perhaps more fundamentally, their representation.