The difference that empire makes: institutions and politics of citizenship in Germany and Austria

Austria has had much higher naturalization rates than Germany. Two arguments are made based on institutional regime theory and left political power. First, the imperial experiences of the Austro-Hungarian Empire that colonized 11 different nations explains Austria's relative openness, and the monocultural experience of the German Reich that tried to impose German language and culture on partitioned Poland casts light on Austria's open and Germany's rather closed approach to ethnic integration. This first argument covers initial state formation focusing on ethnicity, the Austrian colonization versus German occupation, different ethnicities and languages in the military and bureaucracy, and comparisons involving the partition of Poland and religion in Bavaria. The second argument is a political analysis of legislation concerning how institutionalized regime types and left/green party power influenced the naturalization policies that were enacted into law from 1946 to 2005. The post-World War II analysis shows the positive effects of left/green party power on naturalization, but the institutional regime hypothesis is still necessary to fully explain these differences. In the end, regime differences, and in the later period, left/green party power demonstrate why these two very similar countries have such different naturalization policies.     

Gender differences in personality and cancer-related pain among older cancer patients

Indicators explaining gender differences in personality and pain among older cancer patients have not been adequately addressed. This study examined gender differences in cancer-related pain severity, the Five Factor Model of personality, and affect among older cancer patients (86 women, 64 men). No significant differences were found in pain severity between the gender groups. Analyses indicated that women scored significantly higher for the personality trait of neuroticism than men (p < .05). Further analyses showed that different demographic, health, and personality variables predicted pain severity in women and men. Gender was found to be a significant moderator in the association between the personality trait of neuroticism and average pain. These findings suggest that both gender and different personality types may influence reported pain severity. Specifically, the results suggest that how patients experience and report pain severity may be gender-specific, and that it may be inappropriate to assume that women and men experience, report, and manage their pain in similar ways. Future studies focusing on the influence of personality and gender on health outcomes are needed to assist healthcare providers in tailoring treatment, thereby promoting optimal symptom management.     

论新形势下中国民族区域自治制度的发展创新——基于当代政治社会学的研究视野

中国现有的民族区域自治制度是经典政治社会学时代的产物,当代社会的发展对这种制度的延续提出了许多前所未有的挑战。中国的民族区域自治制度必须因应时代和社会的发展而不断创新。构建符合中国国情的公共治理型民族区域自治制度,一方面有必要在全球化的背景下,超越民族国家的层次来审视这种自治制度的运作,基于当代社会认同的视野对社会与政治生活的民主形式的实现进行重新思考;另一方面也要从更微观的角度认真研究社会内部不断兴起的社会组织和政治力量,发展出一套各种社会主体都能自觉遵守的自律性权力。     

国有企业内部人控制的产权与制度分析——基于经济社会学的认识

中国国企改制中"内部人控制"生成的问题,造成大量国有资产的流失,继而引发一定层面的社会不满。国企内部人控制问题的解决,除了既有的市场治理机制中产权改革,更要注重政策、法律、社会保障等非市场治理机制——制度层次创新的推进。     

浅谈社会学原理在纠纷调解处理中的作用

社会学原理在解决社会问题中已经发挥越来越大的作用,社会学原理对公安工作中的纠纷调解处理同样具有较强的指导意义.了解纠纷的社会学特征,具备必需的社会学品质,运用适当的社会学原理,对警察了解纠纷根源、调解处理纠纷能起到事半功倍的效果.     

论社会发展进步与犯罪构成要件的敛缩

犯罪是一种法律社会现象,因此,对之既可以进行规范分析即刑法学研究,也可以进行社会学分析即刑法社会学研究。立于既有的规范研究的基础之上,本文采用刑法社会学的视角,具体论析了社会发展进步与犯罪构成要件的敛缩问题。     

法社会学实证研究之初步反思——以学术规范化与本土化为背景

法社会学研究产生于学术规范化和本土化的讨论背景之中,过于强烈的规范化与本土化诉求导致法社会学研究承担了过重的学术外目标,而法社会学研究的学科积累和方法训练又无法回应这种理论需求,由此产生了表达与实践的二重背反。法社会学研究应摆脱规范化与本土化逻辑的负面影响,遵循学术的内在逻辑。     

Share and share alike? Social constraints on income equalization

This paper investigates the relation between what citizens prefer and what the results of policy making in a representative democracy are. The viability of a potential explanation reconstructed from a combination of insights from welfare economics and explanatory sociology is considered. The results suggest that not only the market will fail as a coordination mechanism to bring about a collective good such as a preferred income distribution in a nation state, but that income policy in a representative democracy tends to give rise to certain discrepancies between preferences and policy results as well. Voter's preferences will be distorted in the formulation of policy by politicians and in the implementation of policy by bureaucrats.     

"越轨"与秩序--社会学与人类学相关研究之比较

“越轨”是人类学和社会学研究社会问题时同时关注的一个特殊视野 ,是一种违反重要社会规范的行为。许多人类学、社会学家 ,如涂尔干、莫顿等 ,在自己的理论中都对“越轨”和秩序等问题进行了理论分析和阐述。各国学者分别在社会结构论、标志论 (标签论 )、本土方法论、象征互动论等理论中探讨了“越轨”的行为。秩序是保证社会有序运转的条件 ,人类学家非常关注社会秩序内部的复杂性和各种因素对秩序的影响 ,重视秩序在不同层面上的相互交织和关系。他们认为 ,秩序和“越轨”都有其情景性和相对性 ,行为总是在特定的时间、地点和条件下产生出循轨或越轨两种表象。在现代社会中 ,研究这两个范畴 ,是为了找到让社会更有序发展的途径。     

美国医疗保险制度改革的历史考察与理论检省

医疗保险法制改革是困扰世界各国的难题,而美国从20世纪初叶开始起步、至奥巴马完成的医疗保险制度的改革,充分考虑到美国的社会需求,走公私结合,政府强力推行和改革内容适当妥协相辅,革命性和渐进性兼顾的医保改革的道路,并在政府干预与市场自由的适度制度构架、多元利益(权利)的平衡妥协、政治精英与民众及媒体的协商互动等方面,形成了独具特色的公共政策制定路线和合法性供给策略。奥巴马"医改"法案的成功实施,不仅实现了美国医疗保险制度的重大突破,也为中国的医疗保险制度改革提供了有益的借鉴。