我国军事社会学研究的现状与前景展望

我国军事社会学自 2 0世纪 80年代中期创建以来 ,取得了一系列令人瞩目的成就 :学科建设稳步发展 ,学术成果较为显著 ,重点问题研究有所建树。但同时也还存在着一些问题和不足 ,主要表现为学科体系建构尚有分歧 ,理论研究缺乏系统性 ,缺乏扎实的实证研究 ,研究领域失之零散 ,研究方法较为单调。展望未来 ,我国军事社会学的学科前景十分广阔 ,但要使学科科学化、规范化 ,进而使学科走向繁荣 ,在宏观上应做好三个方面的工作 :一是加大理论研究力度 ,构建中国军事社会学学科的理论体系 ;二是解放思想 ,拓宽视野 ,增强军事社会学的生命力 ;三是加强学科基础建设。     

全球化时代的主体性诉求——解读《中国法学向何处去》

根据知识社会学理论,在对全球化进行“问题化”理论处理的基础上,邓正来先生在全球化与中国法学之间建立起了某种理论勾连,为其提出“全球化时代的主体性诉求”问题提供了理论基础;通过阐述“法律理想图景”对于法律哲学的重要性,“中国法律理想图景”对于全球结构下的中国的必要性,寻求“中国法律理想图景”对于全球化时代的中国的现实紧迫性,最终使邓正来先生的“全球化时代的主体性诉求”问题得以真正出场。这一问题的提出对于中国论者极具意义,但同时其知识社会学的研究进路也有着某种限度。     

作为知识社会学个案的我国“法律文化”研究

学界在谈论法律文化研究在我国兴起的原因之时,多将其归咎于国外法律文化研究的引入,这固然不错,但笔者以为,恐怕更深层次的原因还在于特定时代背景下的现实需求使然;法律文化研究在我国的出现,是基于特定“社会居所”的现实欲求和历史思索以及学术共同体内部渴望打破旧有研究格局的需要等多重诱因作用的结果,国外法律文化研究的传入,某种意义上仅仅是开放了法学界希望从更为广阔的角度来理解和解说法律实践的特定接受趋向,同时赋予国内的法律文化研究一种“学术合法性的追认”,并未产生太大实质性学术影响。     

The sociology of the sociology of law: A view from economics

The sociology of law appears to be a weak field in the United States, in comparison to other indisciplinary fields of legal study, notably economic analysis of law. Although American legal sociologists have done important empirical work, particularly on the litigation process and on the legal profession, the focus of American sociology of law has been narrow, theoretically limited, and, empirically, limited in both scope and method. These deficiencies may reflect the methodological limitations of Max Weber, the most influential figure in the history of sociology in general and sociology of law in particular. The failure of legal sociologists to borrow theoretical and empirical tools from sociologically minded economists such as Gary Becker is especially regrettable, and may be due to inaccurate perceptions of the political valence of economic analysis of law, sociology's traditional skepticism about the knowledge claims of other disciplines, professional envy, and misunderstanding of the economists' conception of rational choice.     

学科细分与学科扩展的统一——政治学研究的新趋向

政治学研究的新趋向,集中体现为两个特点,一是研究热点的跨学科性;二是研究方法的开放性。在政治学基本理论方面,预计未来的研究走向,仍会体现这两种特性。而近期的潜在研究热点,可能会集中在文化(文明)与政治、宗教与政治、科学与政治等关系领域。     

社会主义法治理念：一种知识形态的考察

亚里士多德把人类的知识划分成三种类型：理论知识、实用知识、制造知识。三者对应于后来所说的纯粹理性、实践理性、技艺。按照这样的知识分类,社会主义法治理念既具有实践理性的属性,也具有技艺的属性,但是,它在通常情况下,并不具有纯粹理性的属性。社会主义法治理念的这种知识属性,有助于辨析当代中国法律人的社会角色及其类型。     

Irony Practice: Reconstructing Structural Social Work: Enlightenment from Neoclassical Sociology

Structural social work has been expanding its influence while experiencing marginalized crises since 1970s: with the expansion of neo-conservatism, the structural perspective is incompatible with the liberal-based system at the political level. In recent years, the “critical reflection practice” established through the reunification of the socialist tradition of social work has become increasingly prosperous, but it has not been possible to answer the question of legitimacy in its own theory. The purpose of this paper is to reflect the crisis of the traditional sociology by analyzing the crisis of western sociology, and to try to reconstruct the critical social science by talking with Iván Szelényi and others to sort out the concept of “irony” as a methodology and the mission of contemporary intellectuals. Under the inspiration of relevance of classical sociology and social work, this paper provides insights to the reconstruction of social work.     

Arrested conflict: transnational place-making in Polish-German border towns

This paper studies the role of cross-border interactions and public spaces in the local mediation of national conflicts in three Polish-German border towns. It draws on Luc Boltanski's pragmatic sociology in order to address questions raised in the recent literature on urban conflict and borders. Our analysis traces transformations under Schengen in relation to Boltanski's concepts of uncertainty, justification and tests. We investigate ordinary inhabitants' everyday experiences through different place-making strategies in the context of a shifting border. Recent transformations challenge a longstanding situation of “arrested conflict” rooted in blocked local networks, disconnected from supranational discourses of cooperation.     

The Will to Consume: Schopenhauer and Consumer Society

Consumer society has negated Freud's thesis presented in Civilization and its Discontents. The hindrance of desire affirmation is no longer the foundation of discontent. The inverse is now true. A seemingly limitless number of desires have been manufactured and administered with a solitary route to their affirmation via consumption. Because of this, consumer society's members find themselves in a lifeworld of aimless striving, dissatisfaction, disappointment and boredom. I demonstrate that the attempt to flee the sufferings of estranged labour through consumption has pushed consumer society into a new web of suffering brought on by a continual development of manufactured desires, creating a minor yet perpetual pain that is best understood in the light of a sociologized and historicized Schopenhauerian philosophy.     

Understanding the changing role of public sector performance measurement in less developed countries

This article develops a framework for understanding changes in the demand for and supply of performance information in public sector organizations in less developed countries (LDCs). New Institutional Sociology (NIS) is used to argue that pressures from specific stakeholders stimulate organizations to produce particular performance information. The article distinguishes three groups of stakeholders (i.e. funding bodies, statutory boards and purchasers), and elaborates on the performance dimensions these stakeholders are interested in. The group of funding bodies, with their interest in financial performance information, used to be the most important group of stakeholders. However, statutory boards and purchasers are gaining importance as a result of recent public sector reforms, which include decentralization, marketization and the implementation of anti‐corruption programs. As a consequence of pressures coming from these stakeholders, new performance dimensions, such as the quality and quantity of services and the political governance structure, will be added to organizations' performance measurement (PM) systems. Whether these and other—often more traditional financial—performance dimensions will be balanced and integrated throughout organizations depends on the power positions of the various stakeholders. The arguments presented in this article intend to stimulate public sector organizations in LDCs to design and redesign PM systems as a response to changing stakeholder interests. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.