非政府组织兴起的背景和理论依据

20世纪80年代以来,非政府组织在全球空前发展,在政治、经济生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。非政府组织致力于人权、教育、环境、公民参与、难民救济等领域的活动,促进了社会的发展与进步,对当今和未来全球的发展有着十分重要的意义。非政府组织的影响日益突出,但目前对非政府组织的理论研究还相对薄弱。研究非政府组织兴起的社会背景,探讨非政府组织的理论依据,将有助于深化我们对非政府组织发展规律的认识。     

证券化市场有效性条件分析

证券化市场有效性主要是指反映在金融市场上的关于金融产品价值完全通过其价格体现出来的特征。当今关于市场有效性分析主要出现在两大阵营,一是以法玛为代表的有效市场理论,另一个就是根据市场的"异常"行为而产生的行为金融学理论。其目的是着重分析金融衍生品市场要满足有效性条件必须首先满足市场交易有效性,只有交易有效,证券品价格定价才能合理有效。     

Children in Out-of-Home Care and Adult Labor-Market Attachment: A Swedish National Register Study

Using longitudinal national register data, we investigated labor-market attachment during the years 1993–1995 in Sweden for persons aged 25–35 years who had been in out-of-home care before the age of 18 in Sweden during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. We consider whether an immigrant background has an additional influence on labor-market attachment. Compared to majority population peers, young persons who had been in foster care had shorter educations. Fewer had a strong labor-market attachment and more were dependent on social assistance. Results from multinomial regression models indicated that having been in foster care during childhood reduced the probability of high attachment to the labor-market and increased the probability of social assistance dependency, even after making adjustments for education, marital status, parenthood, domicile, and birth country. Few signs of additive effects from being both an immigrant and a former foster child are found.     

Economic liberalisation,market institutions and labour rights

What effect do pro‐market economic policies have on labour rights? Despite significant debate in policy and academic circles about the consequences of economic liberalisation, little is known about the labour rights effects of pro‐market policies. Extant literature has focused only on the possible outcomes of market‐liberalising policies, such as trade and investment flows, rather than directly assessing market‐friendly policies and institutions. Moreover, this line of research has found mixed results on how these outcomes influence labour conditions. To provide a comprehensive assessment of this linkage, this article combines data on five distinct policy areas associated with economic liberalisation with data on labour rights for the period 1981–2012. The results indicate that pro‐market policies – except the ones involving rule of law and secure property rights – undermine labour rights. Thus while there are some positive economic and political outcomes associated with market‐supporting policies, economic liberalisation comes at the cost of respect for labour rights.     

Internal Quality Control,Product Market Competition and Analyst Forecast

From the perspective of the specified users of the financial statement, this paper explores the relationship between the internal quality control, products’ market competition and analyst forecast. The results show that with relatively higher internal quality control, the earnings forecast precision is higher and the dispersion of the variation is less; the analysts tend to trace more on the enterprises with fewer problems after the release of the internal control information; the products’ market competition has some substituting effect on the relationship between internal quality control and the analyst behaviors. The results in this paper reveal that the improvement of the internal control and the release of the internal control information help to alleviate the asymmetry of information, which has meaningful significance on the information optimization of the capital market. The findings in this paper further offer evidence for the research of internal control of economic benefits.     

From Planning to Market: A Framework for Cuba

The measures introduced by Raúl Castro since 2008 and the most recent US–Cuba policy change indicate that Cuba is shifting from a planned and highly centralised state socialist economic model toward one in which economic actors and markets become main drivers of the economy. The examples of Asian and Central and Eastern European socialist countries suggest four distinguished pathways for such transition. The question is which one may provide a feasible model for Cuba. Based on the country's economic and population structure, this study places the Cuban case within the framework of socialist economic transitions and explores some policy implications.     

World Market Regionalism at the Asian Development Bank

Accounts of the “new regionalism” two decades ago identified a growing trend towards co-ordinated state action at the regional level in pursuit of both security and political economy concerns – new in terms of its “bottom-up” character, post-Cold War logic, heterogeneous focus, and relation to globalisation. More recently, proponents of “regulatory regionalism” have suggested that regional projects reshape and transform states themselves. This article identifies an emerging “world market regionalism,” within which regions are addressed in terms of their position within the world market, and regional projects are strategically oriented towards the “completion of the world market” in its dual aspect as expansion of trade and transformation of social relations of production. The focus is on the purposive transformation of the region in pursuit of global competitiveness. A detailed account is given of such a project of world market regionalism developed over the last two decades at the Asian Development Bank. It is aimed at transforming the region, and individual states within it, into a space contributory to a wider global project aimed at “completing the world market” and transforming both the social relations of production and individual attitudes and behaviour.     

论公司律师制度

现代社会中的公司已不仅仅是商事工具 ,而成为经济关系中的基本主体。广纳先进律师制度的理论与实践经验 ,建立适合我国国情的公司律师制度 ,是司法体制改革中一项不可或缺的内容。引入任何一项法律制度都要注重本国的需要与法律文化的积累 ,从司法现状出发 ,建立适合我国国情的公司律师制度     

The failure of market failure

The concept of market failure was originally presented by economists as a normative explanation of why the need for government expenditures might arise. Gradually, the concept has taken on the form of a full‐scale diagnostic tool frequently employed by policy analysts to determine the exact scope and nature of government intervention. For some time, economists have known that the market failure idea is conceptually flawed. The authors of this article demonstrate why this is so, employing concepts drawn from the perspective of transaction costs. In a review of empirical studies, they further show how the market failure diagnostic leads analysts to make generalizations that are not supported by facts. Transaction cost analysis helps to explain the underlying processes involved. © 1999 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

当前俄罗斯银行体系发展战略评析

面对金融全球化和金融自由化的浪潮,转轨国家不断调整其金融开放政策,特别是制定开放条件下的金融发展战略成为转轨国家最为重要的过渡安排.俄罗斯银行体系发展总体呈现趋好态势,然而直到目前,一系列内外因素依然抑制俄罗斯银行部门的发展.尤其值得关注的是,俄罗斯银行体系稳定发展面临两个无法回避的问题的挑战:银行信贷扩张问题和银行的资本化比率提高问题,这也是俄罗斯制定银行发展战略必须考虑的问题.总的来看,2005-2008年,俄罗斯银行部门发展的主要目标是提高银行体系的稳定性和银行部门运行的效率;提高银行部门在经济中的作用也是国家制定银行战略的最重要的任务之一.