电子商务中知识产权的法律保护

电子商务活动对社会的多个方面造成了很大的影响,也对传统的知识产权保护内容、保护方式、具体的原理及制度构建等方面提出了新的要求。在立法尚未完善的情况下,司法为拓宽电子商务领域知识产权保护做了一定的探讨。建立完善的电子商务自律机构和规则、逐渐完善相关的立法、加大对侵权行为的打击力度、协调国际上的知识产权保护,是发展电子商务并充分保护知识产权的有效途径。     

Digital Realism and the Governance of Spam as Cybercrime

Spamming is a major threat to the formation of public trust in the Internet and discourages broader civil participation in the emerging information society. To the individual, spams are usually little more than a nuisance, but collectively they expose Internet users to a panoply of new risks while threatening the communications and commercial infrastructure. Spamming also raises important questions of criminological interest. On the one hand it is an example of a pure cybercrime – a harmful behaviour mediated by the Internet that is the subject of criminal law, while on the other hand, it is a behaviour that has in practice been most effectively contained technologically by the manipulation of ‘code’ – but at what cost? Because there is not an agreed meaning as to what constitutes ‘online order’ that renders it simply and uncritically reducible to a set of formulae and algorithms that can be subsequently imposed (surreptitiously) by technological processes. The imposition of order online, as it is offline, needs to be subject to critical discussion and also checks and balances that have their origins in the authority of law. This article deconstructs and analyses spamming behaviour, before exploring the boundaries between law and code (technology) as governance in order to inform and stimulate the debate over the embedding of cybercrime prevention policy within the code itself.     

浅论高技术战争对官兵文化素质高起点的要求

随着21世纪的到来和我军现代化步伐的加快,我军官兵科学文化素质不高的问题已越来越突出,直接制约和影响着我军的建设与发展。面对高技术战争对军队官兵文化素质的高起点和高要求,我军除加强科技练兵外,当对我军各级指挥员科学文化素质的提高加快步伐,加大我国现行《兵役法》兵员质量条件改革的力度,从根本上解决我军官兵科技文化素质偏低的问题。     

市场型金融创新法律监管路径的反思与超越

市场型金融创新凸显了规范与现实之间的冲突。无论是选择性监管路径,还是规则扩张式监管路径,抑或是以监管沙箱为代表的实验式监管路径,都不能很好地解决该冲突。以上三种路径,都是在“术”的层面上展开。为了超越以上三种路径,我国应在“道”的层面上进行理念与制度完善,即我国需要完善金融法治基础,建构金融法治哲学,制定《金融法典》或《金融法总则》,创新金融法的更新机制,创建市场型金融创新合法性裁定制度,完善市场型金融创新的法律责任,以便进一步提升我国对市场型金融创新监管的法治化水平。     

制度变迁中的创新精神探析

科技实力在很大程度上代表着一国综合国力的大小和它在世界上的地位,因而技术的创新力对国家的发展起着举足轻重的推动作用。但是,科技的发展从来都不是自发的,没有代价的;技术的创新也只是狭义的创新;制度变迁和制度的框架决定着技术发展的空间。制度的创新才是广义上的创新,是制度变迁的根本动力,因而也是技术创新的原动力。只有激发整个民族的制度创新精神,才能谈得上技术的创新和国力的增强。     

节约型社会科技法律促进机制研究

科技法律是节约型社会的重要促进因素。节约型社会科技法律促进机制可以分为政府主导型、市场诱导型、综合协调型三种类型。在中国现阶段,可以采取综合协调型节约型社会科技法律促进机制,但又重点依赖政府主导型节约型社会科技法律促进机制来推动节约科技进步与节约型社会建设。根据节约型社会科技法律促进机制类型选择,我们发现中国节约型社会科技法律促进机制目前在科技立法、科技执法、科技司法、科技法律实施监督等方面存在诸多现实困境,必须采取以下措施进一步完善:第一,与时俱进地推进与完善科技立法;第二,循序渐进地改革与强化科技执法;第三,因势利导地改革与完善科技司法;第四,因地制宜地实施与推进法律监督;第五,竭尽所能地强化科技法制宣教。     

根据军事战略进行军事立法因果预测

因果预测是军事立法预测中的重要方法,对军事立法未来状况和发展趋势影响最大。根据军事战略进行的因果预测,可从国防战略、武装力量建设方略和战争策略等方面进行。     

A comparison of three automated DNA purification methods in Forensic casework

Manual Chelex^®-100 and organic extractions (phenol/chloroform) are used as routine methods at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science, SKL. The aim of this study was to find an automated DNA purification system to replace the organic method. The following methods were evaluated and compared to each other and to the organic method used routinely; BioRobot^® EZ1 with EZ1 DNA Investigator Kit and Card (Qiagen), iPrep™ Purification Instrument with iPrep™ ChargeSwitch^® Forensic Kit and Card (Invitrogen), Magnatrix™ 1200 Workstation with the Magnatrix™ gDNA Blood Kit Forensic and two different protocols; Forensic protocol A and B (Magnetic Biosolutions). Blood on fats, cotton swabs, moist snuff, paper towels and leather, post-mortem blood and muscle tissue were extracted with the different methods. DNA concentration and quality of the electropherograms were examined. Individual comparisons between the four extraction methods showed that iPrep™ and Magnatrix™ 1200 gave significantly lower mean quantities compared to BioRobot^® EZ1 and the organic extraction method (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the latter two. BioRobot^® EZ1 generated the best results and is in the process of being validated for routine analysis at SKL.     

高校科技创新地位的比较研究

高校是我国科技创新的四大主体之一,然而其重要性并未得到应有的重识。高校研发经费支出远低于企业和研究机构。研发活动多集中于应用研究,基础研究和试验发展研究薄弱,专利授权量与申请量比值低。与发达国家相比,我国高校在国家科技创新体系中的地位不高,研发经费投入总量低、强度小、人均经费少,研发经费在各活动领域的配置不合理。我国应借鉴域外经验,加大对高校研发经费的投入力度,推进校企结合和高校与研究机构的整合,提升高校的科技创新能力和高校在国家科技创新体系中的地位。