谈德育教学和启发式教学中存在的片面性认识

指出教师在教学中对德育教学和启发式教学认识上的一些片面性的看法与观念 ,提出一些相应的看法和主张。     

浅谈语块理论在警务英语翻译中的运用

语块是语言中结构相对固定、整体预制、易于提取的表达形式。在警务英语翻译中运用语块不仅有必要性,而且还有可行性。要有针对性地建立警务英语语料库,有目的地储备警务英语语块,扩展翻译单位,加快信息处理,促进翻译过程,提高翻译的准确性、专业性和时效性。     

Decision‐making during international crises: A reexamination

The purpose of this research note is to reexamine the methods and codings of crisis decision‐making processes performed by Herek, Janis, and Huth in 1987, and thereby to discuss the role of the case survey method as a means to build theory in the study of foreign policy. The research reported here uses a somewhat different measure of decision‐making process quality and a slightly expanded list of data sources than were used by Herek and his colleagues. It reevaluates a subset of the cases explored in the previous study. This research note largely confirms the analysis of crisis decision‐making processes presented in the previous study, though it notes and discusses some discrepancies. Furthermore, this reexamination seeks to contribute to our understanding of crisis decision‐making processes by using a different conceptualization of decision‐making process quality and thus a different coding procedure.     

澳门地役权取得方式的思考及借鉴

权利的取得方式是权利实现的基础.然不同的权利类型,其取得方式不尽相同.各国民法在继承罗马法的地役权时,吸收了其取得方式.但因各自的历史文化背景不同,对地役权取得方式的传承各有千秋.纵观有关立法,我国澳门地区的地役权取得方式较为丰富多样,为地役权的充分利用提供了条件.在“一国两制”,谋求私法统一的背景下,澳门地役权取得方式对科学构建大陆的地役权取得方式具有借鉴意义.     

边际效用递减理论在习语翻译中的应用——谈归化与异化的均衡点

分析目前翻译领域有关归化/异化翻译策略的研究成果,以及其他学科研究方法和理论在翻译研究中的应用,可以将经济学中的边际效用递减理论应用于归化与异化在文学作品中习语翻译的研究。简单解释的归化法、详细解释的归化法和异化法在习语翻译中会产生三种不同的心理状态,为达到读者阅读效用最大化,应理性选择归化与异化翻译策略,实现话语语境背景下的动态均衡。     

磷酸川芎嗪脂质微球在大鼠鼻黏膜吸收的特性

［摘要］目的 研究磷酸川芎嗪（tetramethylpyrazine phosphate, TMPP）脂质微球在大鼠鼻黏膜吸收的特性。方法 采用大鼠鼻腔循环灌流法，考察循环液流速、TMPP溶液浓度、TMPP脂质微球浓度对鼻黏膜吸收的影响，并对TMPP脂质微球和TMPP溶液的鼻吸收水平进行比较。结果 在流速为2.0 ml/min时，TMPP脂质微球鼻黏膜吸收速率常数有最大值；在浓度为0.25～1.0 mg/ml范围内，TMPP溶剂的鼻黏膜吸收速率常数随浓度变化趋势不明显；而TMPP脂质微球的鼻黏膜吸收速率常数随浓度的增大而减小，与同浓度TMPP溶液比较，TMPP脂质微球吸收更快，鼻黏膜随时间延长吸收量更高。结论 将TMPP制备成脂质微球能促进药物在鼻黏膜的吸收。     

刑法解释方法的适用位阶

刑法的适用离不开解释，实践中由于对众多的解释方法没有形成一个统一的适用顺序，使得针对同一案件因为运用的解释方法不同而形成不同的解释结论的情况屡见不鲜．极大地影响了刑法的安定性和权威性。确定刑法解释方法的适用位阶势在必行。我国刑法理论界对此基本持赞同的态度。但对于解释方法适用的具体序列，学者们观点各异。综合我国理论界的观点以及借鉴WTO争端解决中的有益做法，建议我国在适用刑法的解释方法时应该遵循这样一条顺序，即从以查词典为开端的文义解释到系统解释再到目的解释。系统解释中根据对“系统”范围的不同界定，又分别包含了体系解释、合宪性解释和历史解释。     

试论商务英语翻译以直译为主的翻译原则

以直译为主的商务英语翻译原则,强调译文必须忠实于原文,全面准确阐明原作的含义,保持原作原有的风格。商务英语翻译要求译者选词要准确,概念表达要确切,物与名所指要正确。商务英语翻译原则与直译的翻译原则相吻合,准确性与其忠实于原文的内容相吻合,专业性与其保持原文的结构形式、行文规范相吻合,实用性与其语言流畅易懂相吻合。     

Language translation for file paths

Forensic examiners are frequently confronted with content in languages that they do not understand, and they could benefit from machine translation into their native language. But automated translation of file paths is a difficult problem because of the minimal context for translation and the frequent mixing of multiple languages within a path. This work developed a prototype implementation of a file-path translator that first identifies the language for each directory segment of a path, and then translates to English those that are not already English nor artificial words. Brown's LA-Strings utility for language identification was tried, but its performance was found inadequate on short strings and it was supplemented with clues from dictionary lookup, Unicode character distributions for languages, country of origin, and language-related keywords. To provide better data for language inference, words used in each directory over a large corpus were aggregated for analysis. The resulting directory-language probabilities were combined with those for each path segment from dictionary lookup and character-type distributions to infer the segment's most likely language. Tests were done on a corpus of 50.1 million file paths looking for 35 different languages. Tests showed 90.4% accuracy on identifying languages of directories and 93.7% accuracy on identifying languages of directory/file segments of file paths, even after excluding 44.4% of the paths as obviously English or untranslatable. Two of seven proposed language clues were shown to impair directory-language identification. Experiments also compared three translation methods: the Systran translation tool, Google Translate, and word-for-word substitution using dictionaries. Google Translate usually performed the best, but all still made errors with European languages and a significant number of errors with Arabic and Chinese.     

论公安专业教学中案例教学法的实施

案例教学是公安传统教学过程中有益的补充和创新,和传统的教学方法相比较,它具有生动仿真、激发学员学习主动性、实现教学相长的优势。在案例教学法实施中教师应注意加强教学理论学习,提高教学实践能力,不断总结教改经验,通过案例教学使学生能够将理论与实践联系起来。