Sociocultural Variations in the Body Image Perceptions of Urban Adolescent Females

This study investigated the influences of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and ethnic peer group composition on awareness and internalization of socially sanctioned standards of appearance using the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ). The researchers surveyed a convenience sample of 208 adolescent females at an ethnically diverse urban high school. Statistical analyses found that ethnicity influenced awareness of socially sanctioned standards of appearance but the effects of ethnicity varied by level of caregiver educational attainment. Ethnicity and caregiver educational attainment together accounted for variance in the internalization of these standards. Moreover, African American girls with ethnically heterogeneous peer groups had significantly higher awareness and internalization scores than those without mixed friends. These findings highlight the importance of multiple ecological factors in assessing risk for disturbed body image and eating disorders. Ethnicity remains an important predictor of disturbed body image but should be treated as a dynamic, rather than a fixed risk factor.     

广西城市民族工作调研报告

随着经济社会的发展 ,城市中定居与流动的民族成份和少数民族人口将会越来越多 ,城市民族工作将越来越复杂 ,其地位也显得越来越重要。此调研报告总结了近年来广西城市民族工作的主要成就 ,分析了新形势下城市民族工作的特点和存在的主要问题 ,探索了做好城市民族工作的新途径。     

世界经济发展不平衡加剧与中国经济的制度创新

过去 10年来 ,经济全球化的步伐在加快 ,世界经济发展的不平衡也在加剧 ,这是在世界范围内生产力与生产关系矛盾运动的必然规律和偶然事变综合作用的结果。世界经济发展史表明 ,不平衡发展是挑战 ,但更是后进者加快发展、实现崛起的机遇。中国是世界上最大的发展中国家 ,能否以入世为契机融入世界经济发展的主流 ,实现经济崛起 ,主要取决于经济制度的创新。     

循环经济:21世纪的理想经济模式

循环经济是针对传统产业发展导致资源过度消耗和环境恶性污染而提出的可持续发展之道。它通过生态规划设计,使不同的企业群体间形成资源共享和废物循环的生态产业链,采取资源综合循环利用,达到生态经济系统的最优化配置,从而实现以清洁生产和绿色工业为导向的新型经济模式。本文就循环经济的生态学原理、概念内涵、评价原则、系统结构和产业革新进行了初步的理论分析,并通过循环经济逐步兴起和发展的实证研究,探讨了循环经济作为21世纪的理想经济模式的现实可行性。     

发展循环经济走出两难困境

本文从分析环境库兹涅茨曲线着手,指出循环经济是包括中国在内的发展中国家实现环境保护与经济发展双赢的重要途径。作者分析了循环经济的渊源、模式和3R原则,并针对我国国情,从政府、企业、学术界三个层面提出了对策建议。     

劳动价值论是劳动者的经济观

马克思认为,劳动作为人本质的核心要素,在人的存在中起着决定和主导作用。劳动者是经济和社会的主体,不是“生产要素”或“资源”。现代劳动形式比马克思时代发生了很大的变化,要求劳动价值论也要相应地发展。我们要概括现代劳动者的经济意识,从揭示现代商品经济矛盾中,发展劳动价值论。     

论WTO对我国经济法制建设的影响及对策

加入WTO,对有中国特色社会主义市场经济登上世界经济舞台,建设成熟的社会主义市场经济法制体系,是机遇大于挑战。我国亟需在相关的立法中进一步深化经济法制的理念,积极健全和完善与WTO经济法律制度相适应的相关法律。加快适应“法治经济”发展的法制建设,是保障我国加入WTO之后实现经济健康、快速发展的关键。     

Allocative or Distributive Aims of Income Taxation?

Relations of income tax legislation and economic development are traditional subjects of German public finance. Reginald Hansen's book (1996) on practical consequences of the “Methodenstreit” for income taxation is considered under three aspects: history of economic thought, tax-systems and aims of income taxation. The introduction is followed by four paragraphs: 1. Long-term views of income taxation, 2. Reginald Hansen's comments on income taxation in Germany, 3. From Schmoller and Wagner to the modern German type of income taxation, 4. “Ability to pay,” “Pay as you use” or what else? The article demonstrates progressive and restrictive results of the long-term view focusing on the evaluation of income taxation principles.     

Shadow Economies and the State: A Comparison of Cassava and Timber Networks on the Cambodia-Vietnam Frontier

ABSTRACT

This article extends understandings of “shadow economies” – networked, economic exchanges outside formal state regulation – and specifically how they are socially, economically and politically nested within frontier landscapes. The article analyses two related commodities that are often cast differently upon the legality spectrum: timber and cassava. By comparing the actors, relationships and practices that facilitate timber and cassava trade across the Cambodia-Vietnam border, two significant points of connection are identified: border checkpoints and land transactions, both through state actors. The analysis therefore exposes the systemic role of state actors in shadow economies and broader processes of frontier commodification, supported by their regulatory mandate. Methodologically, the study illustrates how examining relationships between commodities can help to illuminate the mechanisms, relationships and ambiguities of shadow economies operating in resource frontiers in border areas.     

Embracing austerity? An ethnographic perspective on the Latvian public’s acceptance of austerity politics

ABSTRACT

Latvian austerity policy following the 2008 economic crisis has been touted as a success story by some and critiqued as a socially costly experiment by others. It has remained a puzzle, however, how such harsh socio-economy policies were possible without causing sustained popular protests. Drawing on ethnographic research at an unemployment office in Riga in the aftermath of the crisis, this article considers austerity as a political and moral phenomenon. I argue that welfare policies played an important role in disciplining the parts of the population most adversely affected by the crisis by framing post-crisis precarity as a matter of individual responsibility. Furthermore, this disciplining worked because it was underpinned by a particular moral discourse that I call ‘a discourse of freedom.’ Thus, this historically and culturally-shaped moral economy helped not only secure the implementation of post-crisis austerity in a way that yielded little sustained public resistance but also helped legitimate it.