边缘化的生活——中国改革过程中女民工的城市生活经历

生活在城市边缘的女民工,她们抱着不同的理想来到城市,其工作和生活状况虽各有不同,但多处于社会的下层,但她们中的一部分人不向生活低头,通过不懈努力和奋斗,找到了自己生存和发展的空间,为家庭和谐和社会稳定做出了应有的贡献。     

农民工的弱势地位及改变途径

“农民工”问题是随着我国的改革开放而新出现的一种社会现象。一方面,农民工为城市做出了许多贡献,城市越来越离不开他们的存在;另一方面,他们却没有享受到与贡献对等的权利,任何时候自己都被冠以“农民工”的称呼,处于城市社会的下层地位,属于社会的弱势群体。本文首先考察农民工的弱势地位的表现方面,在此基础上分析了农民工处于弱势地位的多方面原因,最后提出了一些改变农民工的弱势地位的建议和对策。     

农民工劳动权益保护之思考

目前 ,广大劳动者特别是农民工劳动权益受侵犯的情况比较严重 ,几乎涉及《劳动法》规定的各个方面。造成这些问题的原因是多方面的 ,主要是政府部门价值取向的失误和法律执行的欠缺 ,当然也包括农民工自身的素质问题。我们必须采取切实有效的措施加强农民工的劳动保护 ,实现社会的公平正义。     

Work and Family Life among Migrant Factory Workers in China and Vietnam

ABSTRACT

Through on-site interviewing, a comparative study has been carried out about migrant factory workers in industrialised parts of China’s Guangdong province and in Vietnam’s Ho Chi Minh City. Even though China and Vietnam possess similar legacies of socialist transformation and have household registration regulations that restrict rural migrants’ access to urban social services and impede their settlement in cities, there exist marked differences in Guangdong and Ho Chi Minh City in migration patterns, factory work conditions and migrant worker family livelihoods. In particular, migrant families in Ho Chi Minh City largely stay intact and tend to settle there permanently, while married migrant workers in Guangdong normally need to split up their families and remain trapped in circular rural–urban migration. As shall be seen, the national and local governments play important roles in determining the inclusion or exclusion of migrants from urban life, the wages they are paid and their standard of living and, most important of all, their children’s access to education. Each of the two countries’ differences in implementing policies is examined and comparatively analysed.     

城市打工妹的生存体验与社会支持网络研究--以北京市"打工妹之家"会员为个案

作者在文中通过对“打工妹之家”会员的个案描述与分析,叙述了打工妹离开农村来到城市后的经历,以及她们在城市中作为边缘人的生存状况和体验。她们不愿意再回到农村,在城市里逐渐建立起新的社会支持网络。改善打工妹的生存状况,是维护社会公平题中应有之义。     

新形势下治安管理社会化的新探索

组织和发动群众参与治安工作,是我国公安工作的特色和优势所在,是适应治安形势变化、改变群防群治弱化状态、缓解治安管理任务繁重与警力不足的需要.可采取聘用"联防钟点工",吸引群众直接参与治安工作;将现有的专职联防队逐步过渡到理顺体制的保安队,改善群防群治队伍的成员结构,提高治安管理辅助力量的个体素质等措施,以提高整个治安主体的战斗力.     

论我国社区矫正工作人员的"1+X"模式

我国社区矫正工作人员的构成应采用"1+X"模式.在"1+X"模式下,"1"指矫正官,是专职从事社区矫正工作的国家公务员,主要从事社区矫正过程的刑罚执行、行政管理等工作."X"指除矫正官以外的工作人员,包括司法社工、社区矫正志愿者等,应由社会组织担任,主要从事社区矫正过程中的服务性工作.     

Family Problems and Children's Competencies Over the Early Elementary School Years

SUMMARY

Problems experienced by families from a sample of at-risk, urban children were observed and recorded by social workers over a two year period. Four groups of families were distinguished through social worker case notes based on family problems and needs; families were grouped into stable high needs, stable low needs, change for better and change for worse categories. Children were then followed for three years, from the beginning of kindergarten to the end of second grade, and assessed on classroom competence and academic achievement outcomes. Classroom competence included the teacher's rating of both the child's social skills in the classroom, and the academic competence of the child. Academic achievement included a standardized assessment of both math and reading skills. Results indicated that children from families with stable low needs consistently perform with more competence in the classroom than children from families with stable high needs or those whose need status increased. Children from families with stable high needs score comparably to children from families with stable low needs on math, and no difference between groups were found in reading. Implications of these findings for strengthening family competence is discussed.     

代际互惠还是福利不足?——城市双职工家庭家务劳动中的代际交换与社会性别

老人帮助已婚儿女承担家务劳动,不能简单地被视为一种代际互惠。第一,在代际及性别权力关系改变与工业社会变迁相互作用的背景下,这种传统意义上的代际互惠发生了改变。第二,代际互惠观念背后隐藏了一些意识形态,它们与工业化进程中家庭功能外移之间存在矛盾和冲突。文章在父系家庭和工业社会变迁的理论框架下,从代际和性别权力关系的视角,着重分析了城市双职工家庭中,在第一个孩子出世到上小学之前这段家庭生命周期内,祖父母特别是祖母协助双职工家庭中的儿子和儿媳承担育儿及其他家务工作这一现象,探讨了在经济力量改变社会性别和父权制家庭关系的背景下,老年女性的福利遭到削减、家庭面临工业化挑战、社会政策被期待做出调整等相关问题。     

论“首要标准”背景下社区矫正工作者的能力建设

社区矫正质量的高低,关键看社区矫正工作者队伍综合能力的高低。由于当前诸多主客观条件的限制,社区矫正工作者队伍整体能力偏低,影响了罪犯矫治质量,不能适应首要标准的要求。落实首要标准,全面提高矫正质量,必须积极采取各种措施,加强社区矫正工作者的常规管理能力、公正执法能力、教育矫正能力、创新能力建设。